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5 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Market liquidity
In business, economics or investment, market liquidity is an asset's ability to be sold without causing a significant movement in the price and with minimum loss of value. Money, or cash in hand, is the most liquid asset, and can be used immediately to perform economic actions like buying, selling, or paying debt, meeting immediate wants and needs.[1]
An act of exchange of a less liquid asset with a more liquid asset is called liquidation. Liquidity also refers both to a business's ability to meet its payment obligations, in terms of possessing sufficient liquid assets, and to such assets themselves.
Emissions trading
A central authority (usually a governmental body) sets a limit or cap on the amount of a pollutant that can be emitted. The limit or cap is allocated or sold to firms in the form of emissions permits which represent the right to emit or discharge a specific volume of the specified pollutant. Firms are required to hold a number of permits (or carbon credits) equivalent to their emissions. The total number of permits cannot exceed the cap, limiting total emissions to that level. Firms that need to increase their emission permits must buy permits from those who require fewer permits.
Primary Energy
Primary energy is energy found in nature that has not been subjected to any conversion or transformation process. It is energy contained in raw fuels as well as other forms of energy received as input to a system.

Examples of primary energy sources

Biomass
Fossil fuels
Geothermal energy
Hydro power
Nuclear fuels (Some nuclear fuels, such as plutonium are not found in nature in any quantity, thus are secondary energy sources.)
Solar energy
Tidal energy[1]
Wave power
Wind energy
Markup
Markup is the difference between the cost of a good or service and its selling price.[1] A markup is added on to the total cost incurred by the producer of a good or service in order to create a profit. The total cost reflects the total amount of both fixed and variable expenses to produce and distribute a product.[2] Markup can be expressed as a fixed amount or as a percentage of the total cost or selling price.[1] Retail markup is commonly calculated as the difference between wholesale price and retail price, as a percentage of wholesale. Other methods are also used.
Energy carrier
An energy carrier is a substance or phenomenon that can be used to produce mechanical work or heat or to operate chemical or physical processes (ISO 13600).

It is any system or substance that contains energy for conversion as usable energy later or somewhere else. This could be converted for use in, for example, an appliance or vehicle. Such carriers include springs, electrical batteries, capacitors, pressurized air, dammed water, hydrogen, petroleum, coal, wood, and natural gas.

Note that Coal, oil and natural gas are energy sources which were extracted from the earth (fossil fuels). They already contain stores of energy previously "charged"; whereas springs, batteries, hydrogen etc. typically contain energy derived from a power plant or solar panels.