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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Process of landscape ecology (4 steps)
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Perforation
Dissection Dissipation Shrinkage |
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4 types of restoration ecology
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Revegetation
Habitat enhancement (targeted species) Remediation Mitigation (endangered species) |
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Considerations for restoration ecology
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Disturbance, genetics, landscape/spatial ecology
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Implementing the restoration orocess
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Access goals,design, implement , monitor, evaluate, adjust
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Species area curve and island curves
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Species area curve: increased area = increased number of species
Island: Large/close= low extinction, high immigration Small/far= high extinction, low immigration |
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Co2 effects on plants
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Higher photosynthetic rates
Stomata open less Lower water use Faster plant growth Less nitrogen and protein Less nutritious |
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What is FACE and why use it
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Free air carbon enrichment/experiment
-plants in chambers may not reflect real world conditions |
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Milankovitch cycles
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Influence natural climatic swings by altering amount of solar radiation that reaches the earth due to orbit, tilt and wobble on axis
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El nino
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Prolonged warming in the Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures
-easterly winds weaken and warm water moved eastward |
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Rain shadows
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Mountain ranges force air to rise along the windward side of the range, clouds form and precipitation falls on the leeward side, dry air descends and warms
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Why are bioindicators better than traditional methods
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Indicate indirect biotic effects
Add temporal component Biota itself is best indicator |
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What makes a good bioindicator
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Moderate tolerance to environment variability
-rare species too sensitive -ubiquitous not effected enough |
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Red queen hypothesis
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Organisms must continually evolve or succumb to their predators and parasites that WILL continue to evolve
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What allows species to evolve in response to diseases, predators, parasites , etc
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Genetic diversity
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Primary cause of loss of biodiversity
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Habitat alteration by human activities
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Co2 whiplash
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Co2 drops steadily after we stop using fossil fuels, returns to normal levels
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3events that decrease co2 in atmosphere
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Ocean uptake -ocean absorbs co2 from atmosphere
Carbon weathering - acid rain dissolves carbonates into ocean Silicate weathering - silicate compounds react with co2 |
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3 types of biodiversity
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Genetic: variation in species gene pool
Species: richness Ecological: richness plus interaction with environment. |
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Examples of direct and indirect biodiversity values
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Direct- medicinal , ag, consumptive
Indirect- earth cycles, waste disposal, tourism, cultural |
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Homeorherms vs poikilothermy
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Homeotherms (endo)can physiologically & behaviorally regulate body temp - wider performance limit
Poikilotherms (ecto)only behaviorally regulate body temp. |
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Causes of acid rain
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Volcanos, lightning, decomposition, biomass burning
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Short term effects of acid rain
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Sulfur in ground increases, causes toxic soil, release of calcium
-bottom up effect |
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Process of acid rain
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sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides released in atmosphere, carried by wind, dissolve in rainwater
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Nutrient runofd
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Nutrients leeched from souls containing fertilizers into surface or ground water
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Effects of nutrient runoff
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Eutrophication due to nitrogen and phosphorus increases, lower drinking water quality, decreases biodiversity, health hazard
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4 zones of the atmosphere
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Troposphere:78% n
Stratosphere: contains ozone-- destroyed by nitric ozone through catalytic process Mesosphere and thermosphere |
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Biological nitrogen fixation
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Prokaryotes utilize the enzyme nitrogenase to catalyze the conversion of n2 to nh3
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Human impact of nitrogen
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Increasing amount of biologically available nitrogen -- nitrogen leeches out of soil into streams and rivers, eutrophication, nutrient imbalances, increase in dead zones
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Legume nodule formation
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Bacteria colonize host plants root system, roots form nodules that house bacteria, bacteria fix nitrogen required by plant
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Denitrification
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Produces n2
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Key concepts for replacement species paoer
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-most important difference was elevation -- habitat selectivity, NOT competitive exclusion
-dispersal mutalism by cactus (keystone species) |
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Human impacts on water cycle
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Depletion
Pollution Salinization: increase of salt |