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32 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Process of landscape ecology (4 steps)
Perforation
Dissection
Dissipation
Shrinkage
4 types of restoration ecology
Revegetation
Habitat enhancement (targeted species)
Remediation
Mitigation (endangered species)
Considerations for restoration ecology
Disturbance, genetics, landscape/spatial ecology
Implementing the restoration orocess
Access goals,design, implement , monitor, evaluate, adjust
Species area curve and island curves
Species area curve: increased area = increased number of species
Island:
Large/close= low extinction, high immigration
Small/far= high extinction, low immigration
Co2 effects on plants
Higher photosynthetic rates
Stomata open less
Lower water use
Faster plant growth
Less nitrogen and protein
Less nutritious
What is FACE and why use it
Free air carbon enrichment/experiment
-plants in chambers may not reflect real world conditions
Milankovitch cycles
Influence natural climatic swings by altering amount of solar radiation that reaches the earth due to orbit, tilt and wobble on axis
El nino
Prolonged warming in the Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures
-easterly winds weaken and warm water moved eastward
Rain shadows
Mountain ranges force air to rise along the windward side of the range, clouds form and precipitation falls on the leeward side, dry air descends and warms
Why are bioindicators better than traditional methods
Indicate indirect biotic effects
Add temporal component
Biota itself is best indicator
What makes a good bioindicator
Moderate tolerance to environment variability
-rare species too sensitive
-ubiquitous not effected enough
Red queen hypothesis
Organisms must continually evolve or succumb to their predators and parasites that WILL continue to evolve
What allows species to evolve in response to diseases, predators, parasites , etc
Genetic diversity
Primary cause of loss of biodiversity
Habitat alteration by human activities
Co2 whiplash
Co2 drops steadily after we stop using fossil fuels, returns to normal levels
3events that decrease co2 in atmosphere
Ocean uptake -ocean absorbs co2 from atmosphere
Carbon weathering - acid rain dissolves carbonates into ocean
Silicate weathering - silicate compounds react with co2
3 types of biodiversity
Genetic: variation in species gene pool
Species: richness
Ecological: richness plus interaction with environment.
Examples of direct and indirect biodiversity values
Direct- medicinal , ag, consumptive
Indirect- earth cycles, waste disposal, tourism, cultural
Homeorherms vs poikilothermy
Homeotherms (endo)can physiologically & behaviorally regulate body temp - wider performance limit
Poikilotherms (ecto)only behaviorally regulate body temp.
Causes of acid rain
Volcanos, lightning, decomposition, biomass burning
Short term effects of acid rain
Sulfur in ground increases, causes toxic soil, release of calcium
-bottom up effect
Process of acid rain
sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides released in atmosphere, carried by wind, dissolve in rainwater
Nutrient runofd
Nutrients leeched from souls containing fertilizers into surface or ground water
Effects of nutrient runoff
Eutrophication due to nitrogen and phosphorus increases, lower drinking water quality, decreases biodiversity, health hazard
4 zones of the atmosphere
Troposphere:78% n
Stratosphere: contains ozone-- destroyed by nitric ozone through catalytic process
Mesosphere and thermosphere
Biological nitrogen fixation
Prokaryotes utilize the enzyme nitrogenase to catalyze the conversion of n2 to nh3
Human impact of nitrogen
Increasing amount of biologically available nitrogen -- nitrogen leeches out of soil into streams and rivers, eutrophication, nutrient imbalances, increase in dead zones
Legume nodule formation
Bacteria colonize host plants root system, roots form nodules that house bacteria, bacteria fix nitrogen required by plant
Denitrification
Produces n2
Key concepts for replacement species paoer
-most important difference was elevation -- habitat selectivity, NOT competitive exclusion
-dispersal mutalism by cactus (keystone species)
Human impacts on water cycle
Depletion
Pollution
Salinization: increase of salt