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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is illness perception? |
Organised cognitive thoughts or beliefs that patients have about their illness. It guides - illness identity component - the cause of the illness - how long it will last - personal consequences of the illness - treatment regimen |
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How can stress cause illness? |
Illness perception causes stress and stress causes illnesses. A perceived threat or challenge often brings about stress, and a state of physical and/or psychological arousal. This may be expressed differently by different cultures. |
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Is stress positive or negative? |
Stress can be both positive (eustress) or negative (distress) |
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What is acute stress? |
Short-term stress producing flight or fight response in any situation perceived as demanding or dangerous. |
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What is episodic acute stress? |
Acute stress suffered over and over |
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What is chronic stress? |
Long-term stress, caused by stressful events lasting over time (e.g. difficult work environment, managing chronic disease) |
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What are the four stress reaction phases? |
1) Acute phase (lasts minutes, hours or days) 2) Reaction phases (lasts one to 6 weeks) 3) Repair phase (lasts one to six months) 4) Reorientation phase (six months plus) where stress reactions are substantially reduced. |
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What is the diatheses-stress model? |
Helps understand the interaction between genetics and the environment. It postulates that people inherit a tendency towards a mental disorder (diatheses) which is then acted upon by an environmental stimuli (stress) that will cause the disorder to appear. |
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Which factors affect illness reactions? |
1. The illness 2. The situation 3. The environment 4. The individual emotional reactions |
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What is coping? |
Any strategy by which an individual attempts to manage the perceived discrepancy between demands and resources. Requires practical and emotional coping strategies designed to re-establish a sense of normality and control. |
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What are some examples of adaptive coping? |
- positive reinterpretation and growth - seeking instrumental social support - active coping - restraint - acceptance - suppression of competing activities - planning |
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What are some examples of maladaptive coping? |
- mental avoidance - disengagement - focus on venting emotions - seeking negative emotional support - alcohol/drug use - denial |
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What are the long term effects of stress? |
- withdrawal - panic attacks - illegal drugs and alcohol - obsessive compulsive behaviour - eating disorders - workaholic behaviours |
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What are the four different types of coping? |
- Cognitive coping - emotional focused - task focused - behavioural coping |
