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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Evolution
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the change in a population's genetic makeup over successive generations.
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4 components of natural selection
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1. genetic variation
2. overproduction of offspring 3. struggle for existence 4. differential survival and reproduction |
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Example of 1. Genetic Variation (natural selection component)
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[The characteristics a species is given to become more advantageous] {longer billed hummingbirds more likely to survive in areas w/ long plants; variation of long & short billed}
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Example of 2. overproduction of offspring (natural selection component)
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[species reproduce more offspring than end up surviving] {hummingbirds produce many offspring, but only 1 or 2 survive}
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Example of 3. struggle for existence & 4. differential survival & reproduction (natural selection component)
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[species struggle & try & adapt to the environment]&[species compete for food, shelter, and space] {hummingbirds develop long bills over time giving them adequate food supply so they can pass on their traits}
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4 characteristics of populations.
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1. distribution
2. spacing of population 3. no. of individuals in pop. 4. density |
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explain distribution limits.
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environment limits where species can live [e.g. too high temps. force species to move to area w/ proper temps.]
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3 patterns of small scale.
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1. regular
2. clumped 3. random |
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Interaction of 3 small scale patterns.
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1. regular=repel each other
2. clumped=attract each other 3. random=ignore each other {also, clumped=patchy distribution of nutrients} |
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Population density correlation in large scale.
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Pop. density declines w/ increased organism size
{small bacteria live in highly dense populations} |
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3 influences of rarity & vulnerability to extinction.
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1. geographic range of species=extensive vs. restrictive
2. habitat tolerance=broad vs. narrow 3. local population size=large vs. small |
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Type 1 survivorship curve description.
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*high survival of young & middle-aged
*high deaths of older members {e.g. humans, red deer} |
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Type 2 survivorship curve description.
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*constant survival
*members die at approx. same rate throughout life {birds, American Robin} |
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Type 3 survivorship curve description.
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*high deaths of young
*large no. of young {mackerel lay millions of eggs, but most die in first 70 days} |
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name of maximal population in presence of limiting resources & symbol for it.
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carrying capacity & K
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Relationship between offspring no. & offspring size
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those that produce larger offspring produce fewer offspring & vice versa
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Relationship between adult survival & age of reproduction.
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where adult survival is lower, organisms begin reproducing at an earlier age & vice versa
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