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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Hotter shortwave energy is... |
Absorbed and reflected: White=reflected Black=absorbed Transparent=goes straight through |
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Long wave energy is |
Transmitted and radiated: Conduction: transfer of sensible heat through the exchange of kinetic energy between molecules due to a temperature gradient. Convection: transfer of sensible heat through the exchange of air and water molecules as they move from one area to another |
Convection + conduction |
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Resources |
Resources are consumed by organisms to the point of depletion |
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Conditions |
Are either not consumed or consumed by organisms not to the point of depletion. |
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What are the four major water potentials? |
Osmotic potential: Energy associated with dissolved solutes Gravitational potential: Energy associated with gravity Turgor potential: Energy associated with exertion of pressure Matrix potential: Energy associated with attractive forces on surfaces of molecules or soil. These components gives the water potential which influences water flow. |
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How do plants control water balance? |
Larger root system Stomatal control Thicker cuticles Leaf morphology Drought deciduousNess - dormancy in stressful period - losing leaves in dry season |
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Loses and gains of water control in aquatic animals |
Loses Diffusion or secretion across gills Loses across skin Egg/gamete production Excretion/defecation Gains Food and drink Uptake across gills Uptake across skin Oxidative metabolism |
4 of each |
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Loses and gains of water control of terrestrial animals |
Loses Respiratory evaporation Net movement across skin Egg/gamete production Excretion/defecation Gains Food Liquid water Uptake Net water vapor absorption Oxidative metabolism |
4 of each |
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Resistance |
A force that impedes to water loss |
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Barriers |
Include skin and waxy cuticles of insects and plants |
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Autotrophs |
An organism that assimilate energy from sunlight (photosynthesis) or inorganic compounds (chemosynthesis) and stores this energy in the carbon bonds of carbohydrates E.g sulfur bacteria - generate energy from hydrogen leaving a residue of elemental sulphur |
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Heterotrophs |
Acquire energy by consuming organic compounds from other organisms, living or dead. E.g earthworms, herbivores, predators. |
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Photosynthesis |
Divided into light and dark reactions Co limited by light co2, temperature, nutrients. |
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C4 photosynthesis |
Bundle sheath cells: first layer of cells around veins Mesophyll cells: second layer of cells around the veins Vein: vascular tissue (xylophone that takes water to the leaf and sugars away from the leaf Fixes co2 twice - first in Mesophyll cells and 2nd in bundle sheath cells uses pep instead of RuBP to keep RuBP from binding with o2 Higher affinity for co2 ensures that C4 types can have tighter Stomatal control, which allows for higher water use efficiency. Higher temperature tolerance, higher water use efficiency mean that C4 types are more common in hot and dry environments. |
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C3 photosynthesis |
Co2 is fixed using a molecule called RuBP Split into a three carbon atom called PGA (phosphoglycerate) When RuBP binds to O2 instead of co2 it's called photorespiration Mesophyll cells have access to co2 and o2 floating around the cell. |
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Food chemistry: Energy from food |
Fiber - compounds such as cellulose, poor energy source as most heterotrophs cannot break it down Three main energy sources; carbs proteins and fats Fats have most energy followed by carbs then amino acids Amino acids provide nitrogen |
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Lies law - co-limitation |
liebigs barrel: Each stave represents a resource or condition that might be limiting the organisms performance The water represents the organisms performance Increasing the level of non limiting factor will not increase the organisms performance (increasing the longer staves won't help with water level) By increasing the limiting factor (stave) you may increase it to much which then creates another limiting factor. |
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Ecological niche |
The environmental resources and conditions that allow a species to satisfy it's minimum requirements so that birth rate of a local population is equal to or greater than its death rate along with a set of per capita of that species on these environmental resources and conditions. |
Birth rate, death rate, per capita |
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Fundamental niche |
The potential niche a species could occupy if it were not restricted/influenced by interactions with other organisms |
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Realized niche |
Is the niche that a species appears to occupy in an ecosystem Is often thought of as a subset of fundamental niche but is easy to imagine how a biotic interaction (mutualism) might expand the niche a species could occupy - in which the realized niche would be larger than the fundamental niche. |
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Explain evolving niches |
-Process where organisms, through their activities and choices, modify their own and each others niches - beavers building dams -Organisms can change the selective environment by engineering their environment and thereby effectively constricting their own niches When a trait that influences how the organism is influenced by the environment evolves then the niche had evolved. Selective attributes of the environment could for example be the climate of the identity of competitors. |
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