Ecology Final

Front 1

all the regions of the world where living organisms occur. the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the earth (or other planet) where living organisms exist. the region of the earth that is hospitable to life.

Back 1

biosphere

Front 2

includes the crust and uppermost mantle, which constitutes the rigid outer layer of the planet. remains rigid for long periods of geologic time and deforms elastically and through brittle failure. broken into tectonic plates

Back 2

lithosphere

Front 3

combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of the planet. interacts with, and is influenced by, the other earth spheres. hydrologic cyle is a component of it

Back 3

hyrdrosphere

Front 4

layer of gasses that surround the earth

Back 4

Atmosphere

Front 5

frozen part of earth's surface. includes polar ice caps, continental ice sheets, mountain glaciers, sea ice, snow cover, lake and river ice and permafrost

Back 5

cryosphere

Front 6

watershed

Back 6

area of land that drains to a given water body, such as a lake or stream

Front 7

ecosystem

Back 7

group of living organisms plus their non-living environment in some relationship

Front 8

ecology

Back 8

wide ranging scientific discipline that seeks to examine, explain and predict how species interact with each other, and with their non-living world

Front 9

mt. graham red squirrel is designated what type of ecologic unit or classification

Back 9

sub-species

Front 10

group of individuals of single species that all live in the same "place" and are somewhat isolated or distinct from other, similar species groups

Back 10

population

Front 11

measure of biodiversity or the count of different plants and animals found in an areas

Back 11

species richness

Front 12

landscape analysis and landscape ecology focuses on 3 primary characterisics

Back 12

structure, function and cange

Front 13

what is an appropriate unit of analysis for most ecological-based studies

Back 13

landscape

Front 14

what valley was initially acquired by William Mulholland and his associates for the expressed intent of diverting its water to LA and the central valley

Back 14

owens valley

Front 15

group of similar individuals that can or actually interbreed with one another in nature

Back 15

species

Front 16

non-living portion of an ecosystem

Back 16

abiotic

Front 17

all organisms living and interacting within an ara, or the living components of an ecosystem

Back 17

community

Front 18

entire biodiversity of life, usually defined to include all the species, genes and ecosystems within a given region

Back 18

biodiversity

Front 19

variations among individuals of a population or species

Back 19

genetic diversity

Front 20

role that a species plays in an ecological community, or the habitat requirements of a species

Back 20

niche

Front 21

nutrient enrichment. artificial enrichment of freshwater bodies by human pollution from farm runoff, sewage, etc

Back 21

eutrophication

Front 22

florida panther is an ex of what specific type of ecological classification of animals. (panther and its habitat have been reduced and isolated due to extensive farming activities)

Back 22

sub-species/ sink population/ endangered spcies

Front 23

mt. graham red squirrel and its habitat in a unique location is an ex of what significant land formation

Back 23

sky island

Front 24

1 acre = ? sq. ft

Back 24

43, 560 sq. ft

Front 25

1 mi = ? ft

Back 25

5, 280 ft

Front 26

1 landscape unit = mi2 or km2

Back 26

1 sq. mi or 1 sq. km

Front 27

which major river east of LA Mulholland diverted to acquire more water?

Back 27

colorado river

Front 28

landscapes can be describd as collections of what 3 basic organizational elements

Back 28

patches, corridors and matrices

Front 29

capacity of earth is to maintain and support life and to persist as a system = combo of ecosystem integrity with the human objectives of long term properity and social equality

Back 29

sustainability

Front 30

when major landscape units meet, areas of potential high ecological diversity are formed. typ. on the edges or boundaries bet landscape units

Back 30

transition zones or ecotones

Front 31

activist and environmentalist focused on Florida's unique natural resources. author of The Everglades: river of grass

Back 31

marjory stoneman douglas

Front 32

adventurer. explored and named the Grand Canyon. second director of US Geological Survey

Back 32

John Wesley Powell

Front 33

smallest to largest landscape unit size

Back 33

1. habitat
2. community
3. landscape
4. ecoregion
5. continent

Front 34

most ecological planning and analysis is undertaken what scale

Back 34

landscape scale

Front 35

3 primary water-related concerns that 2009 CA Water Plan Update

Back 35

declining ecosystems
impaired water bodies
aging infrastructure

Front 36

advocate for renewable energy, everything must go somewhere, nature knows best, everything is connected to everything else

Back 36

barry commoner

Front 37

founder of Sierra Club, National Park service advocate, established Yosemite NP, advocated for creation of wilderness system in US

Back 37

John Muir

Front 38

author of Silent Spring, environmental activist, educator, advocate for social and environmntal awareness

Back 38

Rachel Carson

Front 39

advocate for climate change research, academy award winner for movie An Inconvenient Truth

Back 39

Al Gore

Front 40

former oil executive, encouraging wind energy to reduce fossil fuels usage

Back 40

Boone Pickins

Front 41

environmental activist, lived in a tree for 2 yrs to protest logging

Back 41

Butterfly Hill

Front 42

first director of NPS. believed in philosophy that natural places have intrinsic values beyond their minerals or timber

Back 42

stephen mather

Front 43

pioneer of environmental movement, LA, wrote Design with Nature, created Dep of LA at UPenn

Back 43

Ian McHarg

Front 44

contour line

Back 44

imaginary line that connects points of equal elevational value

Front 45

part of atmosphere directly connected to a small area, typ. affected by landforms and land features

Back 45

microclimate

Front 46

hydrology

Back 46

science that encompasses the occurence, distribution, movement and properties of waters of the earth and their relationship w/ the environment within each phase of the hydrologic cycle

Front 47

hydrologic cycle

Back 47

continuous process by which wter is purified by evaporation and transported from the earth's surface to the atmosphere and back to the land and oceans

Front 48

natural drainage systems

Back 48

alternatives to traditional stormwater management systems.

Front 49

ground water

Back 49

water that flows or seeps downward and saturates soil or rock, supplying springs and wells. water stored underground in rock crevices and in the pores of geologic materials that make up Earth's crust

Front 50

water table

Back 50

upper surface of saturated zone

Front 51

riparian corridors

Back 51

transition area between aquatic and upland ecosystems--a unique plant community consisting of vegetation growing near

Front 52

retention ponds

Back 52

designed topographic enclosure where water is held for a longer period of time, sometimes indefinitely

Front 53

detention ponds

Back 53

designed topographic enclosure where water is held for a short period of time then removed via some drainage system

Front 54

reservoir

Back 54

pond, lake or basin, either natural or artificial for storage, regulation and control of water

Front 55

grassy swale

Back 55

long narrow grassy depressions used to collect and convey storm water, allowing pollutants to settle and filter out as the water infultrated into the ground

Front 56

bioswale

Back 56

linear landscape elements designed to retain and/or remove water, and to remove silt and pollution from surface runoff water. above ground drainage course w/ gently sloped sides, filled (or edged) with vegetation and/or stone

Front 57

floods

Back 57

natural (or human assisted) general and temporary condition of a partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas... from stream/river overflow, or abnormal tidal water, resulting from severe storm events

Front 58

flodding

Back 58

result of continuous rainfall that exceeds the absorptive capacity of the soil in a floodplain, and/or the flow capacity of water channel

Front 59

floodplain

Back 59

relatively "level" corridor subject to periodic flooding. Delineated by the expected frequency: 100 yr flood...landform composed of unconsolidated depositional material derived from water transported sediments

Front 60

100 year flood

Back 60

probability due to historic data, that a flood event o a certain magnitude will occur once every 100 years. based on statstical frequency

Front 61

Sole Proprietorship

Back 61

• A single individual owning

• Simplest and least costly

• assumes all liability for the firm

• the owner’s personal income for tax purposes

Front 62

Sole Proprietorship
• Advantages:

Back 62

• freedom in making the decisions

• investment of the profits at your discretion

• limitation of liability

• reduced paper work in tax
preparations

Front 63

Sole Proprietorship
• Disadvantages:

Back 63

• limitations to expand

• in the event of failure, the owner’s personal
assets may be attached by the creditors

• reduced time flexibility (vacations, extended leaves)

Front 64

Partnership: General

Back 64

• There is no limit to the number of partners

• All partners share the risk, profits, and losses

• Each partner has unlimited liability (any claim
against one partner in the course of doing business is a
claim against all partners)(a claim against a partner for
personal reasons is not a claim against the partners)

• Benefit of pooling knowledge and financial
resources

Front 65

• Two important issues to address before the
formation of a partnership

Back 65

do you have the right temperament to
be a partner?

• you are selective in your choice of
partners