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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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population dynamics
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the dynamic population processes underlying distributions and abundance of a population
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Dispersal
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can increase or decrease population densities
* Africanized Honeybees * Collared Doves |
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Rapid Changes in response to climate change
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organisms began to spread northward about 16,000 years ago following retreat of glaciers and a warming climate
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Dispersal in response to changing food supply
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increased prey density leads to increased density of predators
* individuals move to a new area in response to higher prey densities |
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Dispersal in rivers and streams
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Stream dwellers have adaptations to maintain their stream position
* Streamlined bodies * bottom dwelling * adhesion to surfaces |
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meta-populations
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a metapopulation is made up of a group of subpopulations living on patches of habitat connected by an exchange of individuals
* alpine butterfly * Lesser Kestrels |
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Patterns of survival
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vary greatly from one species to another and, depending on env. circumstances, can vary substantively within a single species
three main methods of estimation *cohort life table *Static life table *Age distribution |
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cohort life table
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identify individual born at the same time and keep records from birth
cohort - group born at the same time |
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Static life table
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Record age at death of individuals
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Age distribution
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consists of th e proportion of individuals of different ages within a population
* calculate difference in population of individuals in each age group * assumes differences from mortality |
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Type I survivorship curve
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majority of mortality occurs among older individuals
* Dal sheep |
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Type II survivorship curve
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Constant rate of survival throughout lifetime
* American Robins |
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Type III survivorship curve
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High mortality among young, followed by high survivorship
* sea turtles |
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population change
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Increase
*births(B) *immigration(I) Decreases *deaths(D) *emigrations(E) Nt= No+B-D+I-E |
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Exponential model (pop change)
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groth by constant rate: 2,4,8,16,32,
Nt=NoErt Er=#of female offspring/indv t=time(number of genrations) dN/dt= rN assumptions *continuous reproduction *all organism are identical *environment is constant in space and time |
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exponential model (application)
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microbiology
conservation(growth potential) insect rearing(prediction of yield) plant or insect quarantine(pop growth of introduces species) fishery |
