Ecology Exam 3-1 Life Histories

Front 1

record of events relating to growth, development, reproduction, and survival describe an organism's....

Back 1

life history

Front 2

an organism's life history is a set of "rules" responsible for an individual's age-dependent schedule of ______ and ______

Back 2

survival and reproduction

Front 3

allocation of resources to reproduction vs other physiological needs at each age describes a ______ of ______

Back 3

schedule of reproduction

Front 4

an organism's schedule of reproduction is measured as age-specific _______

Back 4

fecundity

Front 5

evolution of repeated breeding

Back 5

iteroparity

Front 6

breeding once and dying

Back 6

semelparity

Front 7

number of offspring/reproductive episode

Back 7

fecundity

Front 8

young care for themselves

Back 8

precocial

Front 9

young helpless and need maximal parental care

Back 9

altricial

Front 10

proportion of total resources allocated to reproduction

Back 10

reproductive effort

Front 11

evolution by natural selection has "engineered" all organisms to perform the same, single ultimate task == ____

Back 11

reproduce

Front 12

an optimal life history represents the best resolution of conflicting demands on an organism

this describes ____ _____ __ _____

Back 12

cody's principle of allocation

Front 13

northern populations of western fence lizards have ____ average clutch size, but _____ eggs, than southern populations.


why?

Back 13

larger, smaller

selection may favor early hatching in the north, b/c shorter growing seasons
or, faster sprinting speed in the south where there may be more predators
CAN'T DO ALL THINGS WELL SIMULTANEOUSLY

Front 14

r

Back 14

per capita growth rate

Front 15

K

Back 15

carrying capacity

Front 16

unpredictable/unstable environment
highly variable population size
high fecundity
low survival of offspring (type III curve)
fast and short developmental rate and lifespan
small body size
very good dispersal "colonizers"
poor competition

Back 16

r-selected

Front 17

stable environment
nearly constant population size
low fecundity
high survival of offspring (type I or II curve)
slow and long developmental rate and lifespan
large body size
poor dispersal
strong competitors

Back 17

K-selected

Front 18

herbs, shrubs, or trees
large, with a fast growth rate
reproduction at a relatively early age
small proportion of production to seeds
seed bank sometimes, vegetative spread often important

Back 18

competitors (predictable, abundant resources)

Front 19

herbs, usually annuals
high potential growth rate
reproduction at an early age
large proportion of production to seeds
seed bank and/or highly vagile seeds

Back 19

ruderals (disturbance)

Front 20

lichens, herbs, shrubs, or trees-usually evergreen
potential growth rate slow
reproduction at a relatively late stage
small proportion of production to seeds
vegetative spread important

Back 20

stress tolerators (limited resources)

Front 21

in high predation environments, females...
-exhibit ____ time b/t clutches
-devote more resources to each clutch
-produce ___ offspring per clutch
-individual newborns are ____

Back 21

shorter
more
smaller

Front 22

maximum number of offspring a parent can successfully raise to maturity

Back 22

"lack clutch size"
optimal clutch size

Front 23

M in pie chart

Back 23

maintenance (somatic tissue) and survival

Front 24

G in pie chart

Back 24

Growth

Front 25

S in pie chart

Back 25

storage

Front 26

R in pie chart

Back 26

reproduction