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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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natural selection
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differential success of individuals within a population
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fitness
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contribution an organism makes to future generations
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evolution
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change in a population over the course of generations.
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adaptation
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an heritable trait that has evolved over time through natural selection
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gene
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stretch of DNA coding for a protein
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alleles
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alternative forms of a gene
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gene expression
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process of creating proteins from genetic code
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genome
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all of the DNA in a cell
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locus
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postion of a gene on a chromosome
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genotype
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defined by pair of alleles at a given locus
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phenotype
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outward appearance of an organism
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qualitative traits
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limited number of discrete traits, color
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quantitative traits
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continuous distribution of traits, height or weight
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genetic differentiation
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genetic variation among subpopulations of the same species
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gene pool
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sum of genetic information across all individuals of a population
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target of selection
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phenotypic trait that selection acts directly upon
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selective agent
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environmental cause of fitness differences
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directional selection
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shift toward one extreme
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stabilizing selection
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mean is favored
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disruptive selection
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both extremes favored, population is subjected to different selective pressures
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mutation
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heritable change in a gene or chromosome
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genetic drift
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change in allele frequency due to random chance
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migration
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movement of individuals between populations
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gene flow
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movement of genes between populations
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assortative mating
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individuals choose mate non randomly with respect to genotype
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cline
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measurable, gradual change over a geographic region in a phenotype
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ecotype
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population adapted to it's unique local environmental conditions
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geographic isolates
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free flow of genes is prevented by a barrier
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subspecies
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populations of a species that are distinguishably different
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adaptive radiation
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one species gives rise to multiple species
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