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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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water balance
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maintaining balance of water between organisms and their environment
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leaf area index
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area of leaves per unit ground area. Greater the leaf index, the less light reaching ground
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regolith
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layer of unconsolidated debris overlaying hard, unweathered rock.
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Mechanical weathering
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mechanical destruction of rock materials in to smaller particles.
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chemical weathering
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particles are chemically altered and broken down
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parent material
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material from which soil develops
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leaching
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movement of solutes through soil
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soil profile
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sequence of horizontal layers
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horizons
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horizontal layers
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O horizon
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organic layer
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A horizon
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topsoil
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E Horizon
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maximum leaching zone(eluviation)
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B horizon
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subsoil. accumulation of mineral particles(clay and salt)
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C horizon
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unconsolidated material. original material from which soil developed.
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saturated
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more water than pore space can hold
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Field capacity
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water fills all pore spaces and is held together by capillary forces
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capillary water
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water held between soil particles by capillary forces
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wilting point
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moisture level decreases to the point that plants can no longer extract water.
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available water capacity
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diference between FC and WP
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ion exchange capacity
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total number of charged sites on soil particles
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colloids
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negatively charged particles
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cation exchange capacity
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total number of negatively charged sites
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laterization
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humid environments, heavy leaching due to large amounts of water movement through soil
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calcification
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evaporation is more than precipitation
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salinization
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dry climates
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Podzolization
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cool, moist climates. conifers create extremely acidic conditions, leaching
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gleizaiton
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high rainfall, poor drainage, accumulation of organic matter
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