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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the unique constraint posed in terrestrial environments that is not a problem in aquatic environments?
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water balance
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What is dessication?
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the loss of water--greatest constraint imposed by terrestrial environments
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What is the greatest constraint in terrestrial environments?
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dessication
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How does water evaporate from cell and body surfaces?
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diffusion
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What must organisms in terrestrial environments do in order to survive?
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maintain water balance and minimize water loss
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How do plants prevent water loss?
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waxy cuticle
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How do terrestrial organisms acquire water?
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drinking and eating
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What is the use of vascular tissues?
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Vascular tissues transport water and nutrients throughout the bodies of terrestrial plants.
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What can account for 70-80% of the solar energy reaching the ground in forest environments?
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sunflecks
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What influences the vertical distribution of light in terrestrial environments?
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plant cover
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What plants shed their leaves during the winter months?
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deciduous plants
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Where is there increased light availability during dry conditions?
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in regions with distinct wet and dry seasons
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What is the medium for plant growth and habitat to a diversity of animal life?
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soil
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How many years may it take for well-developed soil to form?
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2,000 to 20,000 years
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What is weathering?
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the destruction of rock materials into smaller particles
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What does mechanical weathering result from?
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Mechanical weathering results from the action of water, wind, temperature, and organisms (especially plant roots).
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What does chemical weathering result from?
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Chemical weathering occurs when particles are chemically altered (water, oxygen, acids) and are further broken down.
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What affects pore space and the movement of air and water into and through soil?
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soil texture
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What is a sequence of horizontal layering?
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soil profile
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What are horizontal layers of soil material?
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soil horizons
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List the 4 horizons that the soil profile consists of.
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O horizon - dominated by organic material (dead leaves, twigs, etc.)
A horizon - (topsoil) composed of soil and organic material leached from above B horizon - (subsoil) accumulates mineral particles and contains less organic matter C horizon - unconsilidated material that lies under the subsoil |
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What lies below C horizon of soil?
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bedrock
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How does water move into the soil as rain falls onto the surface?
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infiltration
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Describe the state of soil when there is more water than the pore space can hold and excess water drains from the soil.
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saturated
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Describe the state of soil when water fills all of the pore spaces and is held by capillary forces.
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field capacity
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What is the wilting point?
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the point that plants reach when they can no longer extract water from the soil
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What is important to soil fertility?
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ion exchange capacity
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What does the ability of ions to bind to soil particles depend on?
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the total number of positively or negative charged ions (ion exchange capacity)
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What type of ion exchange is more prevalent in temperate soils? Why?
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cation exchange
because of negatively charged soil particles |
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Why is ion exchange capacity important to soil?
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nutrients; soil fertility
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What are the primary macronutrients essential to plants?
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Nitrogen (N)
Phosphorus (P) Potassium (K) |
