Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Energy
|
Ability to do work
|
|
First Law of Thermodynamics
|
"Law of conservation of energy". Energy may be transformed from one form into another but is neither created nor destroyed.
|
|
Second Law of Thermodynamics
|
"Law of entropy". Because some energy is always dispersed into unavailable heat energy. No spontan. transformation. transformation of energy into potential energy is 100% efficient
|
|
Entropy
|
Measure of randomness or disorder
|
|
Potential Energy
|
Stored energy
|
|
Kinetic Energy
|
Energy of motion
|
|
Energy Flow
|
Transfer of energy through the food chain of an ecosystem
|
|
Energy: One way or Cyclic?
|
One way
|
|
Matter: One way or Cyclic?
|
Cyclic
|
|
Solar Radiation
|
Used to drive chemical reactions of photosyn.
|
|
Types of Solar radiation
|
Visible
Invisible |
|
Types of invisible light
|
Shorter wave-UV
Longer wave-Infrared |
|
Thermal Radiation
|
Comes from any surface that has a temperature. W
|
|
Primary Productivity
|
Rate at which radiant energy is converted by the photosynthesis and chemosynthesis activity of producer organisms to organic substances.
|
|
4 steps in the production process
|
1. Gross primary productivity
2. Net primary productivity 3. Net community productivity 4. |
|
Gross primary productivity
|
Total rate of photosynthesis including organic matter used up in respiration.
|
|
Net primary productivity
|
Rate of storage of organic matter in plant tissue that exceeds the respiration use.
|
|
Net community productivity
|
Rate of storage of organic matter not used by heterotrophs. NPP-heterotrophic consumption.
|
|
Secondary productivity
|
Rates of energy storage at consumber levels. Should not be divided into gross/net because consuming food material already produced.
|
|
A natural unsibsidized solar-powered ecosystem
|
1. Energy input-sunlight, etc
2. Natural byproducts 3. energy loss-heat |
|
Human subsidized, solar powered ecosystem
|
1. Energy input-rain, sunlight, fossil fuel, fertilizer, pesticides.
2. Natural byproduct- 3. Unnatural byproduct- clean up subsidized. 4. negative side |
|
Biodiversity increase may ------ productivity
|
Biodiversity increases number of species thus increasing productivity
|
|
Productivty increases almost always ------- biodiversity
|
Decreases
|
|
Coral reef example of productivity/biodiversity
|
Nitrogen enrichment cause an increase in smothering algae which increase unknown diseases and destroy diversity
|
|
Dinoflagellates example of productivity/biodiversity
|
Pollutants can increase dinoflagellates which release a toxin in such increase amount that cause massive dying fish
|
|
Shade-adapted plants
|
High concentration of chloroplast. Chlorophyll in horizontal position. Because diffused light have less biomass
|
|
direct light adapted plants
|
Low concentration of chloroplast. Chlorophyll in vertical position.
|
|
Ecological pyramid
|
Shows the relationship between numbers, biomass, and energy flow.
|
|
Pyramid of numbers
|
Model or diagram that depicts the amounts of standing crop biomass at different trophic levels of an ecosystem.
|
|
Pyramid of biomass
|
Model or diagram that depicts the amounts of standing crop biomass at different trophic levels of an ecosystem
|
|
Grazing food chain
|
Food chain in which green plants are eaten by grazing herbivores which subsequent energy transfer up the food chain to carnivores.
|
|
Detritus food chain
|
Food chain in which the primary producers are not consumed by grazing herbivores but where dead and decaying plant parts from litter on whcih decomposers and deritivores feed which subseqent transfer of energy through the detritus food chain.
|
|
Detritus
|
Dead or partially decomposed plant and animal matter; nonliving organic matter
|
|
Detritivores
|
Organisms that feed on dead or decaying organic matter (earthworms)
|
|
Nectivores
|
Food chain originating fom the nector of flowering plants, frequently dependent on insects and other animals for pollination. High quality.
|
|
Granivores
|
Food chain originating with feeding on seeds. High quality
|