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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The proportions of a population in each age class.
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age structure
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The maximum population size that can be supported indefinitely by the environment; the concept of a ______ is represented by the term___ in the logistic equation (Equation 9.7).
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carrying capacity
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A life table in which the fate of a group of individuals born during the same time period () is followed from birth to death.
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cohort life table
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Of or referring to a factor that causes birth rates, death rates, or dispersal rates to change as the density of the population changes.
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density-dependent
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Of or referring to a factor whose effects on birth and death rates are independent of population density.
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density-independent
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The number of years it takes a population to double in size.
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doubling time (tɗ)
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The total area of productive ecosystems required to support a population.
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ecological footprint
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Change in the size of a population of a species with continuous reproduction by a constant proportion at each instant in time.
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exponential growth
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A constant proportion by which a population of a species with continuous reproduction changes in size at each instant in time; also called the intrinsic rate of increase.
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exponential population growth rate (r)
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The average number of offspring produced by a female while she is of age x (denoted Fx in a life table).
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fecundity
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Change in the size of a population of a species with discrete reproduction by a constant proportion from one discrete time period to the next.
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geometric growth
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A constant proportion by which a population of a species with discrete reproduction changes in size from one discrete time period to the next; also called the finite rate of increase.
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geometric population growth rate (λ)
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A summary of how survival and reproductive rates in a population vary with the age of individuals; in species for which age is not informative or is difficult to measure, life tables are often based on the size or life history stage of individuals.
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life table
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Change in the size of a population that is rapid at first, then decreases as the population approaches the carrying capacity of its environment.
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logistic growth
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The mean number of offspring produced by an individual in a population during its lifetime.
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net reproductive rate (R₀)
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A pattern of population growth in which one or more density-dependent factors increase population size when numbers are low and decrease population size when numbers are high.
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population regulation
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A population age structure that does not change from one year to the next.
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stable age distribution
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A life table that records the survival and reproduction of individuals of different ages during a single time period.
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static life table
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The proportion of individuals of age x that survive to be age x + 1 (denoted Sx in a life table).
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survival rate
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The proportion of individuals that survive from birth (age 0) to age x (denoted lx in a life table).
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survivorship
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A graph that is based on survivorship data (lx) and that plots the number of individuals from a hypothetical cohort (typically, of 1,000 individuals) that will survive to reach different ages.
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survivorship curve
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A survivorship curve in which newborns, juveniles, and young adults all have high survival rates and death rates do not begin to increase greatly until old age.
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type I survivorship curve
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A survivorship curve in which individuals experience a constant chance of surviving from one age to the next throughout their lives.
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type II survivorship curve
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A survivorship curve in which individuals die at very high rates when they are young, but those that reach adulthood survive well later in life.
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type III survivorship curve
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