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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Allee effect
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A decrease in the population growth rate (r or λ) as the population density decreases.
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bottom-up control
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Limitation of the abundance of a population by nutrient supply or by the availability of food. Compare top-down control.
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damped oscillations
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A pattern of population fluctuations where the extent to which the population rises and falls in abundance gradually become smaller over time.
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delayed density dependence
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Delays in the effect of population density on population size that can contribute to population fluctuations.
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demographic stochasticity
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Chance events associated with whether individuals survive or reproduce.
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environmental stochasticity
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Erratic or unpredictable changes in the environment.
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genetic drift
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A process in which chance events determine which alleles are passed from one generation to the next, thereby causing allele frequencies to fluctuate randomly over time; the effects of genetic drift are most pronounced in small populations.
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habitat fragmentation
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The breaking up of once continuous habitat into a complex matrix of spatially isolated habitat patches amid a human-dominated landscape.
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Inbreeding
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Mating between related individuals.
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isolation by distance
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A pattern in which patches located far away from occupied patches are less likely to be colonized than are nearby patches.
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jump dispersal
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A long-distance dispersal event by which a species colonizes a new geographic region.
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Metapopulation
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A set of spatially isolated populations linked to one another by dispersal.
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natural catastrophe
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An extreme environmental event such as a flood, severe windstorm, or outbreak of disease that can eliminate or drastically reduce the sizes of populations.
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population cycles
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A pattern of population fluctuations in which alternating periods of high and low abundance occur after nearly constant intervals of time.
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population fluctuations
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The most common pattern of population growth, in which population size rises and falls over time.
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population outbreak
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An extremely rapid increase in the number of individuals in a population.
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rescue effect
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A tendency for high rates of immigration to protect a population from extinction.
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stable limit cycle
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A pattern of population fluctuations in which abundance cycles indefinitely.
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top-down control
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Limitation of the abundance of a population by consumers. Compare bottom-up control.
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