Ecology- Ap Biology

Front 1

Organismal ecology

Back 1

consider the responses and adaptations of an organism to its environment

Front 2

Population ecology

Back 2

concerned with the factors that affect the size of populations

Front 3

Communitu ecology

Back 3

interactions such as predation and competition and how they affect community structure

Front 4

Ecosystem ecology

Back 4

addresses such topics as the flow of energy and chemical cycling

Front 5

Global ecology

Back 5

studies the effect of regional energy and material exchanges on the distribution and functioning of organisms across the biosphere

Front 6

Biotic factors

Back 6

the inability for organisms in the environment to survive and reproduce are:

1. predation
2. disease
3. parasitism
4. competition
5. lack of mutualistic symbiosis

Front 7

Abiotic factors

Back 7

chemical and physical environment

1. regional differences in temperature
2.rain
3. light

Front 8

Biomes

Back 8

are major types of ecological groupings that are found in broad geographic regions of land or water

Front 9

Thermocline

Back 9

seperates warmer surface waters from the cold bottom layer

Front 10

Oligotrophic lakes

Back 10

deep, nutrient poor, fairly non-productive, and generally oxygen rich

Front 11

Eutrophic lakes

Back 11

shallow, nutrient rich waters that support large, productive phytoplankton communities

Front 12

Population

Back 12

a group of individuals of the same species that occupy the same general area, use the same resources

Front 13

Density

Back 13

the number of individuals per unit area or volume

Front 14

What causes canges in population density?

Back 14

1. Additions of members through birth
2. Immigration
3. Emigration

Front 15

What are the different forms of distribution?

Back 15

1. Clumping
2.Uniform
3. Random spacing

Front 16

Demography

Back 16

the study of vital statistics of a population, such as birth and death rates

Front 17

Exponential Growth

Back 17

the larger the populatio becomes, the faster the population grows

Front 18

Density Independent

Back 18

when the birth rate or death rate does not change as population density changes

Front 19

Density dependent

Back 19

if death rate rises and birth rate falls with increasing population density

Front 20

Interspecific interactions

Back 20

occur between the different species living in a community

Front 21

Interspecific competition

Back 21

can affect survival and reproduction of one or both populations

Front 22

Compettive expulsion

Back 22

principle predicts that the less efficient competitor will be locally eliminated

Front 23

Cryptic Coloration

Back 23

potential prey may use camouflage to blend in with the background

Front 24

Aposematic Coloration

Back 24

warns pedators not to eat animals with chemical defenses

Front 25

Symbiosis

Back 25

the relationship between organisms of two species that live in direct contact

Front 26

Parasitism

Back 26

a parasite obtains nourishment from its host

Front 27

Mutualism

Back 27

interactions between species benefit both participants (sometimes related adaptions in both species)