Ecology

Front 1

what is the rule for natural populations

Back 1

fluctuation

Front 2

populations of similar species may not exhibit synchrony in their fluctuations. true or false

Back 2

true

Front 3

what does temporal variation affect?

Back 3

age structure of populations

Front 4

population cycles result from what?

Back 4

time delays

Front 5

environmental fluctuations occur___________

Back 5

randomly

Front 6

populations of many species cycle in a ______________ fashion

Back 6

non random

Front 7

the main intrinsic causes of population cycling are?

Back 7

time delays in the responses of birth and death rates to environmental change

Front 8

____________ of population dynamics have a built in time delay

Back 8

discrete time models

Front 9

population will thus oscillate as it_________________

Back 9

continually over and undershoot its carrying capacity

Front 10

R0 small:

Back 10

population approaches K and stabilizes

Front 11

r0 exceeds 1 but is less than 2

Back 11

population exhibits damped oscillations (discrete growth)

Front 12

R0 exceeds 2

Back 12

population may exhibit limit cycles or chaos (discrete growth)

Front 13

________ have no built in time delays

Back 13

continuous time models

Front 14

what do time delays result from?

Back 14

the developmental period that separates reproductive episodes btw generations

Front 15

the explicit time delay term added to the logistic equations is?

Back 15

tau

Front 16

storages can promote what?

Back 16

time delays

Front 17

the water flea daphnia galeata stores what

Back 17

lipid droplets and can transfer these to offspring

Front 18

density dependent effects may be delayed by_________

Back 18

development time and by storage of nutrients

Front 19

density dependent effects can act with little delay when

Back 19

adults produce eggs quickly from resources stored over short periods

Front 20

once displaced from an equilibrium at K behavior of any population will depend on?

Back 20

the nature of time delay in its response

Front 21

areas of habitat with necessary resources and conditions for population persistence are called

Back 21

habitat patches or just patches

Front 22

individuals living in a habitat patch constitute a

Back 22

subpopulation

Front 23

a set of subpopulations interconnected by occasional movement between them is called?

Back 23

metapopulation

Front 24

metapopulations are

Back 24

discrete subpopulations

Front 25

as natural populations become increasingly fragmented by human activities ecologists have turned increasingly to

Back 25

metapopulation concept

Front 26

what determines metapopulation dynamics?

Back 26

connectivity

Front 27

when individuals move frequently between subpopulations

Back 27

local fluctuations are damped out

Front 28

at intermediate levels of movement the metapopulation behaves

Back 28

as a shifting mosaic of occupied and unoccupied patches

Front 29

at low leves of movement the subpopulations behave

Back 29

independently

Front 30

the basic model of metapopulation dynamecs predicts

Back 30

the equilibruium proportion of occupied patches

p= 1-e/c

Front 31

when e=0

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p=1 and all patches are occupied

Front 32

when e=c

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p=0 and the metapopulation heads toward extinction

Front 33

when 0<e<c the result is

Back 33

a shifting mosaic of occupied and unoccupied patches with the value of s somewhere btw 0 and 1

Front 34

unrealistic assumptions made about the metapopulation maodel

Back 34

all patches are equal
and
the reates of colonization and extinction fror all patches are the same

Front 35

in natural settings patches vary in

Back 35

size habitat quality and degree of isolation

Front 36

larger subpopulations have

Back 36

lower probability of extinction

Front 37

immigration from a large productive subpopulation cankeep a declining subpopulation from going extinct thsi is known as the

Back 37

rescue effect

Front 38

the rescue effects is incorporated into metapopulation models by making

Back 38

making the rate of extinction decline as the fraction of occupied patches increases

Front 39

deterministic models assume

Back 39

large populations and no variation in the avg values of birth and death rates