Ecology

Front 1

carrying capacity

Back 1

number of organisms that can be supported in a given area under given conditions

Front 2

biological magnification

Back 2

DDT spayed to kill insects... not biodegradable... stays in ground and in living tissue and can be passed on

Front 3

Benthic

Back 3

bottom dwellers

Front 4

nekton

Back 4

swimmers

Front 5

planktonic

Back 5

free floaters

Front 6

Desert

Back 6

cacti - hot days, cold nights, low precip - dry, poor soil

Front 7

Tundra

Back 7

lichen - short cool summer, long cold winter, low precip - shallow permafrost

Front 8

Grasslands

Back 8

grasses, few trees - dry hot summer, cold winters, irregular precip - rich and deep soil

Front 9

Tropical Rainforest

Back 9

vines, ferns, large leaf plants - hot humid, constant temp, rainy and dry season - shallow poor nutrients in trees

Front 10

Taiga

Back 10

pine, conifers - short cool summer, long cold winter, lots of snow and rain - acidic soil

Front 11

Temperate Deciduous forest

Back 11

deciduous (oak, maple, poplar) - warm summer, cold winter, moderate precip - good, deep soil

Front 12

niche

Back 12

an organism's role in its environment (who eats it, what it eats, etc...)

Front 13

niche problem

Back 13

No 2 species can be in the same niche at the same time in the same place

Front 14

symbiotic

Back 14

Any interrelationship between organisms that are necessary for them to live

Front 15

predation

Back 15

hunter / hunted (wolves, deer)

Front 16

mutualism

Back 16

both benefit (rhino, tickbird)

Front 17

commensalism

Back 17

one benefits, one unaffected (shark, remora)

Front 18

parasitism

Back 18

one benefits, one harmed (tapeworm)

Front 19

Biome

Back 19

A combination of many ecosystems which share the same climate and vegetation

Front 20

Ecology

Back 20

study of biotic and abiotic factors and their interactions

Front 21

How biotic affects abiotic

Back 21

tree blocks sun from getting to flowers

Front 22

how abiotic affects biotic

Back 22

sun provides energy for plants

Front 23

Red tide cause

Back 23

heated water... algal bloom from pyrrophyta... Dinoflagellates (red color)... bioluminescent

Front 24

pyrrophyta produce

Back 24

neurotoxin (nerve poison)

Front 25

how clams get it

Back 25

clams filter feed... accumulate algae and neurotoxin

Front 26

organisms effected by redtide

Back 26

clams, mussels, quahogs, scallops (bivalves)

Front 27

paralytic shellfish poisoning

Back 27

paralyzes muscles...can't breathe... die

Front 28

water heats by...

Back 28

power plants, excess pollutants, bacteria release heat as they decompose, warm summer

Front 29

14 pH

Back 29

basic

Front 30

1 pH

Back 30

acidic

Front 31

7 pH

Back 31

neutral

Front 32

R selection

Back 32

have as many offspring as possible as fast as possible (fish, insects)

Front 33

K selection

Back 33

Kin... having few offspring and protection them until they reach maturity (man, horse, eagle)

Front 34

masting

Back 34

have all the offspring at one time

Front 35

Biological control

Back 35

Using another species or population to control the growth rate of a particular population

Front 36

hibernate

Back 36

metabolic rate change

Front 37

mammals that hibernate

Back 37

jumping mouse, little brown bat, woodchuck

Front 38

physiological adaptation

Back 38

how the body works internally

Front 39

physiological examples

Back 39

deer metabolism, hibernate, estivate, dormancy, shiver, countercurrent exchangers

Front 40

Morphological adaptation

Back 40

outward body structure

Front 41

Morphological examples

Back 41

jack rabbit ears (large) vs. hare ears (small)... they lose heat through ears, fur growth/loss, antlers, tree lose leaves, color change chameleon, fat buildup in bears

Front 42

density

Back 42

number of organisms per area

Front 43

demographics

Back 43

the characteristics of a population with respect to age, race, and gender.

Front 44

s-curve

Back 44

pionneer to climax community growth

Front 45

exponential curve

Back 45

human population

Front 46

sine curve

Back 46

predator/prey

Front 47

lag phase

Back 47

1 in s-curve

Front 48

exponential phase

Back 48

2 in s-curve

Front 49

stabilization phase

Back 49

3 in s-curve

Front 50

population

Back 50

a group of organisms of the same kind in a particular place and time

Front 51

density independent factors

Back 51

factors which effect a population the same regardless of population size (fire, pH, temperature)

Front 52

density dependent factors

Back 52

factors, both abiotic and biotic, which effect a population differently depending upon how crowded it is (food, shelter, disease, predation

Front 53

percolation test

Back 53

how easily water can flow through a medium

Front 54

dune plants importantcy

Back 54

prevent erosion

Front 55

denitrification

Back 55

NO3 (nitrate) becomes N2 (gas) and goes into atmosphere

Front 56

nitrification

Back 56

NO2 (nitrate) becomes NO3 (nitrate), usable by plants

Front 57

nitrogen fixation

Back 57

N2 (gas) becomes NO3 (nitrate) and can be taken in by plants

Front 58

ammonification

Back 58

waste/urine and dead organic matter converted from NH3 (ammonia) into NH4 (also converts N2 to NH4)

Front 59

Legumes

Back 59

Plant organisms involved in getting nitrogen gas into NO3

Front 60

nitrogen fixing bacteria

Back 60

Organisms in a mutual relationship with the plants above in getting nitrogen into a usable form

Front 61

bacteria

Back 61

Kind of organisms in the soil involved in every step of the nitrogen cycle

Front 62

decomposing

Back 62

major niche of bacteria

Front 63

assimilation (eating)

Back 63

how the animals get nitrogen

Front 64

Carson

Back 64

United States biologist remembered for her opposition to the use of pesticides that were hazardous to wildlife (1907-1964) (book - "silent spring")

Front 65

Darwin

Back 65

English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)

Front 66

NO2

Back 66

nitrate

Front 67

DDE

Back 67

prevents calcium in eggshells... birds crush eggs when incubating... endangered species

Front 68

CFC's

Back 68

creating holes in ozone

Front 69

C02

Back 69

carbon dioxide from power plants, cars, etc...

Front 70

trophic level

Back 70

eating level

Front 71

autotroph (producer)

Back 71

makes own food (grass, algae)

Front 72

heterotroph

Back 72

must take in food

Front 73

herbivore

Back 73

eats producers (usually plants) (rabbit, guppy)

Front 74

carnivore

Back 74

meat eater (wolf, bass)

Front 75

primary carnivore

Back 75

eats herbivors

Front 76

secondary carnivore

Back 76

meat eater that eats a meat eater

Front 77

scavenger carnivore

Back 77

eats already dead meat (vulture, lobster)

Front 78

omnivore

Back 78

all eater (plants and animals) (man, bear)

Front 79

parasite

Back 79

lives off of living things (tape worm, tick)

Front 80

decomposer

Back 80

breaks down (recycles) dead organisms into original nutrients (bacteria, fungi, maggots, earthworms)