Ecology 3

Front 1

upswelling

Back 1

cold, nutrient rich water pulled up to replace displaced surface water caused by Winds displacing ocean water off the west coast of North and South America

Front 2

phytoplankton

Back 2

nutriet supply enhanced by summer winds blowing from the north, curving west, and creating upwelling along coast

Front 3

land warmer than ocean

Back 3

moisture in marine air is not dropped until adiabatic cooling over mountains

Front 4

land colder than ocean

Back 4

moisture is dropped, winter rains

Front 5

temperature of densest water

Back 5

4*

Front 6

thermocline

Back 6

stratum of rapid temperature change; can separate oxygenated from hypoxic habitat

Front 7

eutrophic

Back 7

nutrient rich, likely to produce noxious or harmful algal blooms (cyanobacteria, toxic dinoflagellates)

Front 8

mesotrophic

Back 8

intermediate nutrient concentrations

Front 9

oligotrophic

Back 9

low nutrient concentrations, very clear water (good for humans and fish)

Front 10

headwaters

Back 10

woody debris; forest cover

Front 11

meandering middle reaches

Back 11

clean gravel beds, hyporheic habitat; undercut rooted bank vegetation; off river habitat

Front 12

lowland floodplain rivers

Back 12

floodplain marshes or forests; off channel water bodies

Front 13

estuary

Back 13

where rivers empty into oceans, fresh water (0 % salt) meets salt water (3 % salt)

Front 14

tidal prism

Back 14

wedge of fresh water overlies denser salt water

Front 15

plankton

Back 15

passive drifters

Front 16

nekton

Back 16

active swimmers

Front 17

neritic

Back 17

nearshore subtida

Front 18

benthos

Back 18

life on substrate or bed of water

Front 19

condition

Back 19

abiotic environmental factor that
varies in space and time and affects the performance of organism

Front 20

resource

Back 20

all things consumed by organisms

Front 21

propagule

Back 21

a dispersing unit capable of establishing a new population

Front 22

performance of species vs. temperature

Back 22

performance is nonlinear across a range of intensities, some is good, more is better, even more is very bad

Front 23

nitrogen and phosphorous vs. living

Back 23

independent, non interactive; square of growth with enough phosphorous and nitrogen

Front 24

light and nitrogen vs. living

Back 24

dependent, interactive; large amount of light allows small amount of N2, large amount of N2 allows small amount of light

Front 25

niche

Back 25

range of conditions, resource levels, and densities of other species within which an organism or species can survive and reproduce

Front 26

fundamental niche

Back 26

the largest niche in which a species could persist in the absence of interactions with other species

Front 27

realized niche

Back 27

the (generaly smaller) niche volume actually occupied by a species in the presence of interspecific interactions

Front 28

stickleback fundamental niche (salinity vs. temperature)

Back 28

interactive; tolerates more salinity at colder temperatures and warmer temperature at lower salinity

Front 29

osmosis

Back 29

diffusion of water from lower to higher salinity gradients across semi-permeable membranes

Front 30

hypertonic

Back 30

saltier outside, releasing water

Front 31

isotonic

Back 31

salty inside and outside, exchange of water

Front 32

hypotonic

Back 32

saltier inside, water coming in, large vacuole

Front 33

biomass vs. resource (light) relationship

Back 33

linear positive

Front 34

relict population

Back 34

residual population left over from time when environment could support its survival and reproduction, which can no longer replace itself locally

Front 35

sink habitat

Back 35

habit where death rates exceed birth rates, and organisms are present only because of immigration from source habitats

Front 36

resource study

Back 36

resources produced in one habitat that supports consumers in a second habitat