Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
139 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
A population consists of...
|
all the individuals of a species that live together in one place at one time
|
|
|
Every population tends to grow because...
|
the individuals tend to have multiple off spring over their life time.
|
|
|
Limited resources in an environment...
|
limit the growth of a population.
|
|
|
Demography is...
|
the statistical study of all populations.
|
|
|
The definition of Carrying Capacity is...
|
The population size that an environmemt can sustain.
|
|
|
Ecology is the study of...
|
the interaction of living organisms with one another and with their physical environment.
|
|
|
Physical environment includes...
|
soit, water, climate, etc.
|
|
|
A habitat refers to...
|
the place where a particular population of species lives.
|
|
|
A community refers to...
|
the place where many different species live together in a habitat.
|
|
|
An ecosystem consists of...
|
a community and all the physical aspects of its habitat such as water, soil and weather.
|
|
|
Abiotic factors refers to...
|
the physical aspects of a habitat.
|
|
|
Biotic refers to...
|
the organisms in a habitat.
|
|
|
Biodiversity refers to...
|
a measure of the number of species within an ecosystem.
the variety of living organisms present in a community. |
|
|
The more biodiversity a community has the more...
|
stable the community is.
|
|
|
Predation can reduce...
|
competition.
|
|
|
The reduction of competition between predators can...
|
promote biodiversity
|
|
|
Biodiversity is the measure of both the...
|
number of different species in a community and the relative number of each of the species.
|
|
|
Increased biodiversity equals...
|
greater productivity.
|
|
|
Most ecosystems contain a few large animals and...
|
some smaller animals.
|
|
|
Ecosystems tend to contain more plants than...
|
animal life.
|
|
|
The most plentiful organisms in an ecosystem are usually...
|
Microscopic bacteria and protists
|
|
|
A protist is...
|
a kingdom or large grouping that comprises mostly single-celled organisms such as the protozoa, simple algae and fungi, slime molds, and (formerly) the bacteria.
|
|
|
The physical boundaries of an ecosystem depend on...
|
how the ecosystem is being studied.
|
|
|
Areas studied as isolated ecosystems include...
|
fields, forests or lakes
No location is ever totally isolated. Oceanic islands can have migratory visitors. |
|
|
A new habitat is created when...
|
A volcano forms a new island,
A glacier recedes and exposes bare rock, a fire burns all the vegetation in an area. |
|
|
A new habitat sets of a process of...
|
colonization.
|
|
|
The first organisms to live in a new habitat are...
|
small, fast growing plants called pioneer species.
|
|
|
Pioneer species are
|
the first plants to grow in a new habitat. They are small and fast growing.
|
|
|
Succession refers to...
|
a somewhat regular progression of species replacement.
|
|
|
Primary succession refers to...
|
succession that occurs where plants have not grown before.
|
|
|
Secondary succession refers to...
|
succession that occurs in an area where there has been previous growth.
|
|
|
The physical parts of the ecosystem cycle...
|
constantly.
|
|
|
What part of the ecosystem cycles constantly?
|
The physical parts.
|
|
|
The paths of water, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus pass from...
|
the nonliving environment to living organisms and then back to the nonliving environment.
|
|
|
Biogeochemical cycles are...
|
closed circles or cycles.
|
|
|
In each Biogeochemical a pathway forms when...
|
a substance enters living organisms such as trees from the atmosphere, water and soil; stays for a time in the living organism; then returns to the non-living environment.
|
|
|
In the non living portion of the water cycle water vapor in the...
|
atmosphere condenses and falls to the Earth's surface as rain or snow.
|
|
|
Ground water is the result of...
|
some water from rain or snow seeping into the the soil.
|
|
|
Most of the water from rain or snow is...
|
evaporates and reenters the heated after being heated by the sun.
|
|
|
During the living portion of the water cycle plants...
|
take up much of the water in their roots.
|
|
|
Transpiration refers to...
|
water moving into the atmosphere after evaporation from a plant's leaves.
|
|
|
Transpiration is also a sun driven process. The sun heats heats the Earth's atmosphere creating...
|
wind currents that draw moisture from the tiny openings in the leaves of the plants.
|
|
|
In the carbon cycle, carbon atoms may return to...
|
the pool of carbon divide in the air and water.
|
|
|
Carbon atoms may return to the pool of carbon divide in the air and water by...
|
respiration, combustion and erosion
|
|
|
Cellular respiration results in...
|
Carbon dioxide as a biproduct.
|
|
|
During Combustion carbon...
|
returns to the atmosphere through combustion or burning
|
|
|
During erosion...
|
limestone becomes exposed and erodes making the carbon in it available to other organisms.
|
|
|
Organisms need _______ and ______ to build proteins and nucleic acid
|
Nitrogen and Phosphorus
|
|
|
Phosphorus is an essential part of both...
|
ATP and DNA
|
|
|
Phosphorus is usually present in...
|
Soil and Rock in the form of calcium phosphate.
|
|
|
Transpiration refers to...
|
water moving into the atmosphere after evaporation from a plant's leaves.
|
|
|
Transpiration is also a sun driven process. The sun heats heats the Earth's atmosphere creating...
|
wind currents that draw moisture from the tiny openings in the leaves of the plants.
|
|
|
In the carbon cycle, carbon atoms may return to...
|
the pool of carbon divide in the air and water.
|
|
|
Carbon atoms may return to the pool of carbon divide in the air and water by...
|
respiration, combustion and erosion
|
|
|
Cellular respiration results in...
|
Carbon dioxide as a biproduct.
|
|
|
During Combustion carbon...
|
returns to the atmosphere through combustion or burning
|
|
|
During erosion...
|
limestone becomes exposed and erodes making the carbon in it available to other organisms.
|
|
|
Organisms need _______ and ______ to build proteins and nucleic acid
|
Nitrogen and Phosphorus
|
|
|
Phosphorus is an essential part of both...
|
ATP and DNA
|
|
|
Phosphorus is usually present in...
|
Soil and Rock in the form of calcium phosphate.
|
|
|
Transpiration refers to...
|
water moving into the atmosphere after evaporation from a plant's leaves.
|
|
|
Transpiration is also a sun driven process. The sun heats heats the Earth's atmosphere creating...
|
wind currents that draw moisture from the tiny openings in the leaves of the plants.
|
|
|
In the carbon cycle, carbon atoms may return to...
|
the pool of carbon divide in the air and water.
|
|
|
Carbon atoms may return to the pool of carbon divide in the air and water by...
|
respiration, combustion and erosion
|
|
|
Cellular respiration results in...
|
Carbon dioxide as a biproduct.
|
|
|
During Combustion carbon...
|
returns to the atmosphere through combustion or burning
|
|
|
During erosion...
|
limestone becomes exposed and erodes making the carbon in it available to other organisms.
|
|
|
Organisms need _______ and ______ to build proteins and nucleic acid
|
Nitrogen and Phosphorus
|
|
|
Phosphorus is an essential part of both...
|
ATP and DNA
|
|
|
Phosphorus is usually present in...
|
Soil and Rock in the form of calcium phosphate.
|
|
|
Transpiration refers to...
|
water moving into the atmosphere after evaporation from a plant's leaves.
|
|
|
Transpiration is also a sun driven process. The sun heats heats the Earth's atmosphere creating...
|
wind currents that draw moisture from the tiny openings in the leaves of the plants.
|
|
|
In the carbon cycle, carbon atoms may return to...
|
the pool of carbon divide in the air and water.
|
|
|
Carbon atoms may return to the pool of carbon divide in the air and water by...
|
respiration, combustion and erosion
|
|
|
Cellular respiration results in...
|
Carbon dioxide as a biproduct.
|
|
|
During Combustion carbon...
|
returns to the atmosphere through combustion or burning
|
|
|
During erosion...
|
limestone becomes exposed and erodes making the carbon in it available to other organisms.
|
|
|
Organisms need _______ and ______ to build proteins and nucleic acid
|
Nitrogen and Phosphorus
|
|
|
Phosphorus is an essential part of both...
|
ATP and DNA
|
|
|
Phosphorus is usually present in...
|
Soil and Rock in the form of calcium phosphate.
|
|
|
Calcium Phosphate dissolves in water to form...
|
phosphate
|
|
|
The atmosphere is _____% _____ gas
|
79% nitrogen, N2
|
|
|
The two nitrogen atoms in a molecules of nitrogen gas are connected by...
|
a strong triple covalent bond that is very difficult bond that is very difficult to break.
|
|
|
A few bacteria have enzymes that can break the triple covalent bond. They bind...
|
nitrogen atoms to hydrogen to form ammonia.
|
|
|
Nitrogen fixation refers to...
|
a process of combining nitrogen with hydrogen to form ammonia.
|
|
|
The nitrogen cycle includes four stages...
|
assimilation
ammonification nitrification denitrification |
|
|
Assimilation is...
|
the absorption and incorporation of nitrogen into plant and animal compounds
|
|
|
Ammonification is...
|
the production of ammonia by bacteria during the decay of nitrogen-containing urea
|
|
|
Nitrification is...
|
the production of nitrate from ammonia.
|
|
|
Denitrification is...
|
the conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas.
|
|
|
Some interactions among species are the result of...
|
long evolutionary history in which many of the participants adjust to one another over time.
|
|
|
Coevolution refers to...
|
back and forth evolutionary adjustments between interacting members of an ecosystem.
|
|
|
Predation refers to...
|
the act of one organism killing another for food.
|
|
|
In parasitism...
|
one organism feeds on and usually lives on or in another, typically larger, organism
|
|
|
Parasites depend on their prey or host for...
|
food and a place to live.
|
|
|
Symbiosis refers to...
|
two or more living together in a close, long term association.
|
|
|
Symbiosis can either...
|
benefit one organism and leave the other harmed or unaffected.
|
|
|
Parasitism refers to...
|
one type of symbiotic relationship that is detrimental to both the organisms
|
|
|
Mutualism refers to...
|
one type of symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit.
|
|
|
Commensalism refers to...
|
a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other is neither harmed or helped.
|
|
|
When two species use the same resources this is referred to as...
|
competition.
|
|
|
Resources for which species compete include...
|
food, nesting sites, living space, light, mineral nutrients and water.
|
|
|
Niche refers to...
|
the functional role of a particular species in an ecosystem.
|
|
|
A niche may be described in terms of...
|
space utilization
food consumption temperature range requirements for moisture or mating other factors. |
|
|
A niche is often described in terms of how...
|
the organism effects energy flow within the ecosystem in which it lives.
|
|
|
The niche of a species is affected by several variables including...
|
temperature preference
time of year it breeds what it likes to eat where it finds its food |
|
|
Fundamental niche refers to...
|
the entire range of resource opportunities a n organism is potentially able to occupy within an ecosystem.
|
|
|
Joseph Connelly considered competition through the study of...
|
two species of barnacles that grow on the same rocks in Scotland.
|
|
|
Connelly found that...
|
one species occupies only a small portion of its fundamental niche. The rest is unavailable because of competition.
|
|
|
Metabolism involves either/or...
|
using energy to build molecules or breaking down molecules in which energy is stored.
|
|
|
Photosynthesis is the process by which...
|
light energy is converted into chemical energy.
|
|
|
Autotrophs are organisms that use...
|
energy from sunlight or from chemical bonds in inorganic substances to make organic compounds.
|
|
|
The chemical energy in organic compounds can be transferred to...
|
other organic compounds or to organisms that consume food.
|
|
|
Heterotrophs (Consumers) are...
|
organisms that must get energy from food rather than sunlight or inorganic substances.
|
|
|
Cellular Respiration refers to...
|
a metabolic process similar to burning fuel
|
|
|
Metabolism involves either/or...
|
using energy to build molecules or breaking down molecules in which energy is stored.
|
|
|
Photosynthesis is the process by which...
|
light energy is converted into chemical energy.
|
|
|
Autotrophs are organisms that use...
|
energy from sunlight or from chemical bonds in inorganic substances to make organic compounds.
|
|
|
The chemical energy in organic compounds can be transferred to...
|
other organic compounds or to organisms that consume food.
|
|
|
Heterotrophs (Consumers) are...
|
organisms that must get energy from food rather than sunlight or inorganic substances.
|
|
|
Cellular Respiration refers to...
|
a metabolic process similar to burning fuel
|
|
|
Metabolism involves either/or...
|
using energy to build molecules or breaking down molecules in which energy is stored.
|
|
|
Photosynthesis is the process by which...
|
light energy is converted into chemical energy.
|
|
|
Autotrophs are organisms that use...
|
energy from sunlight or from chemical bonds in inorganic substances to make organic compounds.
|
|
|
The chemical energy in organic compounds can be transferred to...
|
other organic compounds or to organisms that consume food.
|
|
|
Heterotrophs (Consumers) are...
|
organisms that must get energy from food rather than sunlight or inorganic substances.
|
|
|
Cellular Respiration refers to...
|
a metabolic process similar to burning fuel
|
|
|
Metabolism involves either/or...
|
using energy to build molecules or breaking down molecules in which energy is stored.
|
|
|
Photosynthesis is the process by which...
|
light energy is converted into chemical energy.
|
|
|
Autotrophs are organisms that use...
|
energy from sunlight or from chemical bonds in inorganic substances to make organic compounds.
|
|
|
The chemical energy in organic compounds can be transferred to...
|
other organic compounds or to organisms that consume food.
|
|
|
Heterotrophs (Consumers) are...
|
organisms that must get energy from food rather than sunlight or inorganic substances.
|
|
|
Cellular Respiration refers to...
|
a metabolic process similar to burning fuel
|
|
|
Metabolism involves either/or...
|
using energy to build molecules or breaking down molecules in which energy is stored.
|
|
|
Photosynthesis is the process by which...
|
light energy is converted into chemical energy.
|
|
|
Autotrophs are organisms that use...
|
energy from sunlight or from chemical bonds in inorganic substances to make organic compounds.
|
|
|
The chemical energy in organic compounds can be transferred to...
|
other organic compounds or to organisms that consume food.
|
|
|
Heterotrophs (Consumers) are...
|
organisms that must get energy from food rather than sunlight or inorganic substances.
|
|
|
Cellular Respiration refers to...
|
a metabolic process similar to burning fuel
|
