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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are photosynthetic autotrophs?
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use CO2 as carbon source and sunlight as energy
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What are chemosynthetic autotrophs?
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use inorganice molecules as source of carbon and energy
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What are heteroptrophs?
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Use organic molecules as sources of carbon and energy
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What can affect how chlorophyll absorbs photons?
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landscape, water, organisms can all change the amount and quality of light reaching an area!
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Who uses C3 photosynthesis
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most plants and algae-- most abundant on planet
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Where does C3 take place?
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mesophyll cell
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Describe the C3 cycle?
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leaf absorbs CO2 through stomata and goes into mesophyll
Co2-->PGA (C3 acid) 0--sugars --> RUBp--> PGA --> sugars 6x yield glucose |
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Who uses CAM photosynthesis?
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succulent plants in aird and semi arid environments
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when does carbon fixation ocur in CAM plants?
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at night
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What are the advantages and dis to CAM?
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+ extremely high rates of water use
- low rates of photosynthesis |
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study me
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CAM is like C4 but the stomata are open at night
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Where does CAM take place?
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mesophyll
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what is a detritivores
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feeds on non-living organic matter
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Name the strategies of a prey
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AVOID
HIDE FLEE TOLERATE DEFEND |
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what are methods of DEFENSE?
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fight back
associational defenses structural defenses chemical defenses |
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what are two levels of avoiding consumers?
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temporally- deciduous trees flush leaves early in spring before herbivourous insects are present
2.) spatially- living where herbivore pressure is minimal |
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what % of plants tolerate consumers?
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nearly all
- think grass |
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What is the nutrition of detritivores food?
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rich in carbon and energy but poor in nitrogen
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name three prey defenses specific to carnivore
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aposomatice colorin
mullerian mimicry batesian mimicry |
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what is mullerian mimicry?
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HARMFUL-- co-mimicry of several species of noxious organisms
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what is batesian mimicry?
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NOT harmful-- mimic noxious species
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explain how predators are selection agents for refined prey defense
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1) usually eliminate more conspicuous members (less adaptive) first
2.) must catch and subdue prey-- size selection |
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STUDY ME
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Limits on potential rate of energy intake by animals have been demonstrated by studying relationships between feeding rate and food availability
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StUDY ME
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limits on potential rate of energy intake by plants have been demonstrated by studying response of photosynthetic rate to photon flux density
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describe photon flux and photosynthetic response curves
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fast increase of photosynthesis with low fux density then slows with medium flux density and levels off at high photon flux density-- max photosynthetic rates
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Define the optimal foraging theory
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if supplies are limited, organisms cannat simultaneously maximize all life function and must therefore compromise between competing demands for resources and the principle of allocation
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more abundant prey yields ______
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larger energy return
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in optimal foraging, what energy expenditures should be considered?
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search for prey
handling time |
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define behavioral ecology
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study of social relations and interactions between organisms and the environment mediated by behavior
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define sociobiology
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branch of biology concerned with study of social relations
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define fitness
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number of offspring (genes) contributed by an individual to future generations
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Give five methods of asexual reproduction
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mitotic division
budding vegetative spreading fission parthenogenesis |
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what are two types of fission?
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paratomy- forms new almost completely before detaching
architomy- will make new from any slice |
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what are two main goals of sex?
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increase pop
create new genetic combos |
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what are the three main costs of sex?
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mesiosis
recombination- outcrossing depression because some new combos may not be successfull mating |
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what are the costs of mating?
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sexual mechanicms (flowers)
mating behavior injury inflicted by mate disease escaping from unwanted sex |
