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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Burning of fossil fuel (coal, oil and natural gas) can explain...
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99% of all new CO2 added to atmosphere since 1850
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What graph shows the data of increasing measurements of CO2 in the atmosphere?
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Keeling Curve
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What causes fluctuations of the Keeling Curve?
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In winter, respiration gives off CO2.
In summer, photosynthesis removes CO2. |
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How many tons of CO2 is deposited into the atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuels?
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6 billions tons
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By the end of the century, what will CO2 levels be at?
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Twice as high as the 1960 value.
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Average temperature in 2050 will be...
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1.5 - 4.5 degrees celsuis or 5 - 14 degrees fahrenheit higher
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Effects of global warming
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More rainfall
Higher average temperatures Higher sea levels Frequent heat waves |
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Of the 3,543 hard news stories, how many cast doubt on global warming?
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53%
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Of 928 peer reviewed journals, how many cast doubt on global warming?
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0
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The melting of all the ice in the world would cause the sea level to rise how many feet?
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200 feet
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Average case scenario on the melting arctic
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Arctic will be ice free by 2040
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Worse case scenario on the melting arctic
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Arctic will be ice free by 2013
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What will be the average temperature of GA in the year 2050? How much drier
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4 to 9 degrees hotter than it is now.
20% drier |
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How large is the Greenland ice cap?
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Two miles thick and the size of Mexico
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If melted, how much would sea level rise?
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21 feet
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How have scientists proven that Greenland is melting?
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Solar Planing
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What will be the minimum MPG of all cars by 2050?
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35 MPG
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What is an alternative to gas that is a by product of corn? What will it be made from in the future?
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Ethanol
Southern Switchgrass |
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Southern Switchgrass contains how much more energy than corn?
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Double the energy
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What is Aptera?
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a future car that can run on 300 MPG
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How can we decrease the earth's temperature?
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Public transportation
Fuel efficiency Full recycling Food production Renewable Energy Thermostat controls Biofuels |
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Coral reefs are ...
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symbiotic
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Corals are a combination of what?
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10% algae and 90% animal
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How efficient are most organisms?
How efficient are corals? |
10%
95% |
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18th century naturalist
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Carl von Linnaeus
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What book did Linnaeus write?
What were the three volumes? |
Systema Naturalista
1 Animals 2 Plants 3 Minerals |
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What were incorrectly classified?
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Corals were incorrectly classified as plants.
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Who was Linnaeus' Ph. D student? What year did he ask Linnaeus to classify corals as animals?
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John Ellis
1752 |
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Ellis found a book by _______ written in _____ that classified corals as _______, which means animal-plants.
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Ulisse Aldrovandi
1606 zoophytes |
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What year did Ellis write to Linnaeus proving that corals were animals?
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1754
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What happened in 1987 in the FL Keys?
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coral became bleached
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P/R ratio for bleached corals is _____ while the P/R for normal corals is _____
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less than 1
greater than 1 |
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What causes coral bleaching?
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high spiking temperatures and prolonged temperature stress
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What color is a stress response to temperature?
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white
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Global warming leads to ______, which leads to ______.
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warmer waters
more severe weather |
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Coral turns CO2 into _____
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limestone (CaCO3)
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Coral reefs have formed many of earth's what?
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mountains
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What coral discovered by UGA students was found in the FL Keys?
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Floridensis
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What country has more species per area than any other country?
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Costa Rica
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Butterfly range extensions are predominantly ______ to escape rising temperatures in low lands due to global warming
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up-slope
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As temperature decreases, _______ decreases
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tree growth rate
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Costa Rica has how much of its land area in national reserves?
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20-25%
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14 years ago, only ____ of forests covered Costa Rica. Today, they cover _____
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21%
50% |
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As corruption increases, so does ____________
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illegal logging
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Costa Rica requires a __________ so you can come into contact with natural environment
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second passport
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This butterfly has not been seen since 1907 and was recently discovered by UGA students
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Battus Lycidas
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________ are found in refrigerators, aerosol cans, and other common industrial and household appliances
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chloroflourocarbons
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what do chloroflourocarbons do?
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they destroy ozone, therefore permit UV radiation
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During winter precipitation, CFC is _______. During summer evaporation, CFC is ________.
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deposited
released |
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in 1985, Dr. Rigle predicted that skin cancer rates would double to ozone loss in 20 years. what happened?
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the rates tripled
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1% decrease in ozone results in _% increase in UV radiation
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2%
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1% increase in UV radiation results in a __% increase in skin cancer
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2%
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President John Holdren suggested doing what to reflect sun's rays?
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shooting pollution particles
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What two volcanoes did this in the past and what was the result?
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Mt. Pinatabu and Mt. St. Helens. result was cooling and drying effect
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what combine to form ozone smog?
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hydrocarbons, NOX, and UV light
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what produces NOX?
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automobile exhaust
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what produces hydrocarbons?
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automobile (99%) and trees (1%)
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What president said the solution was to cut down the trees?
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Ronald Reagan
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What cost makes up the poor air quality of Atlanta?
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$1.67 billion in doctor's visits, lost wages, and lost productivity
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US pollution has decreased, resulting in the increase of life expectancy by how many years?
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two years
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who discovered the widening hole in the ozone layer?
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Susan Soloman
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There is a 99% certainty that what will happen?
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droughts, sea level rise, and hurricane rates and intensity will increase
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what is the most costly american disaster ever?
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Hurricane Katrina
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Katrina led to the ________ since the dust bowl
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largest american migration
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why was it difficult to track missing people after the hurricane?
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Red Cross and US government use different methods of registering people
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what was the result of katrina?
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higher gas prices, import costs, and unemployment rates
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word used by President Bush to describe Hurricane Katrina?
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Random
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Solutions to global warming: First =
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1. Get politicians to take the problem seriously
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solutions to global warming: second=
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1. energy conservation
2. alternative energy: solar, wind, nuclear 3. environmental marshall plan 4. universal family planning |
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Two of Kuwait's coral reefs are:
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Donkey Reef and Garrow Island reef
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why are the reefs in the middle east different?
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they are shallow, close to land, and more diverse
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What happened during the Persian gulf war?
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Sadam Hussein intentionally spilled oil into the ocean to attack enemies
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what two countries were affected by Hussein's oil spill?
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Saudi Arabia and Qatar
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Kuwait: what percent of plant and animal species are marine?
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90%
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Result of Persian Gulf War - long term
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6% more CO2 in the atmosphere now than if the war had never happened.
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result of persian gulf war - short term
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cooling of sea temperature
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WWI and WWII actually ______ CO2 emissions, giving the atmosphere a breather
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slowed
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Persian gulf war was _______
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first natural resource war of the 20th century
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Iraq war was ________
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first natural resource war of the 21st century
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the city of _____ controls ______ of iraq's oil
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Kirkuk
40% |
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a war that comes at the high cost of environmental damage
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pyrrhic victory
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costs of war can be measured in 4 ways:
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1. human
2. political 3. financial 4. environmental |
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modern warfare changes three things:
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1. physics of the planet
2. biology of the planet 3. chemistry of the planet |
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water use per person is growing _________ as the population growth
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twice as fast
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by 2020, _____ of all human beings will live where there isn't sufficient fresh water
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1/3
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3 water rules
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1. water is recycled
2. water is always in motion 3. surface and subsurface waters are tightly linked |
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___% of US population relies on groundwater as primary source for drinking water
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50%
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by 2020, water use in the US will exceed supply by ___%
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13%
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what is the dead zone?
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an area at the mouth of the mississippi where fresh and salt water mix. the fresh water contains nutrients and farming fertilizers that alter the environment, making it unsuitable for life
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what can we learn from ice cores?
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1. past concentration of CO2
2. past stable isotopic compositions of CO2 3. past temperatures |
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what would the kyoto protocol do?
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slow down the effects of global warming
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what is a pest?
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any undesirable organism capable of mass reproduction
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examples of pests include:
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1. weeds
2. diseases 3. insect herbivores |
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what percent of crop yields are lost to pests every year?
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10-30%
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pesticide used in early 1900s? 1930s? 1940s?
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Arsenic
Nicotine Synthetic chemicals |
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What is DDT?
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chlorinated hydrocarbon
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what book exposed the harms of DDT?
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"Silent Spring" by Rachel Carson in 1962
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why was DDT created?
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to kill disease spreading insects in WWII
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why is DDT bad?
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it interferes with calcium processing and is highly resistant to insects
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T or F:
Manufacturing of DDT was not banned, only the sale |
True
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only ___% of US lands are dedicated to cotton growth, but ____% of all pesticides were used there
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1%
20% |
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IPM stands for ___________
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Integrated Pest Management
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What is the most biologically diverse environment under US protection?
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Vieques, Puerto Rico
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What was the U.S.N Killen?
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an unidentified sunken vessel found in the coral reef without an identification number
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Viequean's have a ___% elevated rate of dying from cancer than other Puerto Ricans
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23%
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When did the US Navy leave Vieques?
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May 1, 2003
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Including those who lived on Vieques and those who left, there is a ____% elevated rate of death from cancer
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52%
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Once the most common coral in the FL Keys...
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Elkhorn Coral
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Mysterious patches of dead coral are known as
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white pox
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What is the Koch postulate?
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a method used to identify a disease
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what is the process of the Koch postulate?
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1. isolate and identify
2. grow in pure culture 3. re-infect and reproduce the disease 4. re-isolate and identify |
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____________ is a well known human fecal coliform bacterium that was linked to coral damage
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serratia marcescens
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First bacteria to exhibit antibiotic resistance
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serratia marcescens
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coral losses are _______ in summer and _______ in winter
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highest
lowest |
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___% of earth's people consume ___% of its energy
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20%
75% |
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The US consumes in ____ year what it takes _______ years to produce geologically
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1
1 million |
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US only has enough oil to last ____
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25 years
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US has enough coal to last ____
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3000 years
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The carbon footprint per household is about _____
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50 tons of CO2 per year
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What does this make up?
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automobile, appliance, and food use
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without making any drastic lifestyle changes, we can reduce emissions by ___%
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60%
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What are some solutions to decrease carbon emissions?
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1. turn off unused lights
2. buy locally grown food 3. recycle 4. buy fuel efficient car 5. public transportation |
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what are the 4 R's?
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1. reduce
2. reuse 3. recycle 4. refuse |
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Ethanol biofuel made from Kudzu
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kudzunol
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________ is the world leader in the use of wind turbines, generating ___% of its electricity of wind right now, and by 2030 it will be producing ___%
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Denmark
10% 50% |
