Echinodermata

Front 1

are echinoderms protostomes or deuterostomes?

Back 1

deuterostomes

Front 2

how do protostomes and deuterostomes differ

Back 2

early cleavage patterns, mesoderm, coelom formation and larval type

Front 3

where are echinoderms found?

Back 3

exclusively marine

Front 4

what kind of symmetry?

Back 4

secondarily radially symmetric because the larval forms are bilaterally symmetric

Front 5

what is pentaradial?

Back 5

five sections around a central axis

Front 6

unique feature of the phylum

Back 6

water vascular system

Front 7

function of the hydraulic system

Back 7

mainly locomotion, but also for feeding and respiration.

Front 8

is there an excretory system?

Back 8

no

Front 9

momecious or diecious?

Back 9

most are diecious

Front 10

type of fertilization?

Back 10

external

Front 11

three subphyla in echinodermata?

Back 11

crinozoa, asterozoa, echinozoa

Front 12

class in subphylum crinozoa

Back 12

class crinoidea

Front 13

class and subclasses in asterzoa

Back 13

class stelleroidea, subclasses asteroidea and ophiuroidea

Front 14

classes in subphylum echinozoa

Back 14

class echinoidea and class holothuroidea

Front 15

Describe the sea star Asterias sp.

Back 15

pentaradial with arms joining the central disc. Mouth at the centre of the oral surface of the disc.

Front 16

the ambulacral grooves contains what in the sea star

Back 16

podia (tube feet) each terminating in a sucker radiating from the mouth to the tip of each arm.

Front 17

what is pigmented and develops from a modified podium at the tip of each arm in sea stars

Back 17

ocellus

Front 18

what is composed of spiny calcereous ossicles and covered by a thin epidermis in sea stars

Back 18

endoskeleton

Front 19

what are papulae

Back 19

numerous hollow finger-like projections from the body cavity which function as respiratory and excretory organs.

Front 20

function of the pedicellariae

Back 20

At the base of each ossicle. They keep the body surface free of debris and small organisms

Front 21

where is the anus in sea stars

Back 21

near the centre of the disc

Front 22

function of the madreporite

Back 22

allows exchange between the internal water vascular system and the external medium.

Front 23

what does the madreporite lead to?

Back 23

the stone canal

Front 24

outpocketings of the intestine

Back 24

rectal caecae, which pump wastes from the intestine out the anus

Front 25

intestine arises from what

Back 25

pyloric stomach

Front 26

what does the pyloric stomach recieve

Back 26

pyloric ducts from each arm

Front 27

the pyloric duct is fromed by what

Back 27

ducts from pyloric caecae in each arm

Front 28

what connects the mouth and the cardiac stomach

Back 28

oesophogus

Front 29

how do sea stars feed

Back 29

everting the cardiac stomach which produces enzymes into or around prey.

Front 30

what happens in the pyloric caecae

Back 30

ciliary action takes products of the cardiac stomach into the pyloric caecae for further digestion and absorption. pyloric ducts take products from the caecae to the intestine

Front 31

what lies on each side of the abulacral groove

Back 31

ampullae

Front 32

function of the podia

Back 32

component of the wvs, for locomotion or feeding

Front 33

what coordinates the movement of the podia

Back 33

radial nerve cords

Front 34

where do the radial nerve cords arise from

Back 34

nerve ring surrounding the digestive tract

Front 35

what organism is from class echinoidea

Back 35

green sea urchin, strongylocentrotus droebachiensis

Front 36

the plates surrounding the anus of the sea urchin can be differentiated into what

Back 36

four genital plates that release gametes and a madreporite for exchange between sea and wvs.

Front 37

how do sea urchins feed

Back 37

algae from hard surfaces by scraping with their 5 teeth

Front 38

what is the trivium in sea cucumbers

Back 38

ventral surface

Front 39

bivium?

Back 39

upper surface

Front 40

what does the mouth lead to in sea cucumbers?

Back 40

muscular pharynx

Front 41

oesophogus leads to?

Back 41

stomach

Front 42

what joins the stomach to the cloaca

Back 42

intestine

Front 43

what opens through the anus

Back 43

cloaca(joinng of the intestine and respiratory/excretory tracts.)

Front 44

what also connects to the cloaca

Back 44

respiratory trees

Front 45

site of nitrogenous excretion

Back 45

respiratory trees

Front 46

the gonad discharges through what

Back 46

genital duct

Front 47

sea cucumbers are what reproductive strategy

Back 47

diecious

Front 48

fertilization in sea cucumbers is...

Back 48

external

Front 49

what connects the longitudinal muscles and the pharynx and retract the oral tentacles

Back 49

retractor muscles

Front 50

what surrounds the digestive tract

Back 50

ring canal

Front 51

function of the polian vesicles

Back 51

resevoirs of water vascular fluid.

Front 52

what leads to the oral tentacles

Back 52

radial canals

Front 53

what class and subphylum are sea lillies in

Back 53

crinoidea, crinozoa

Front 54

what do sea lillies use their cirri for

Back 54

crawling

Front 55

after gastrulation, the zygote of echinoderms develops into what

Back 55

bipinnaria larva

Front 56

the locomotory bands of the bipinnaria larva develops into what

Back 56

larbal arms

Front 57

arms of the brachiolaria?

Back 57

larval arms and brachiolar arms

Front 58

cells at the base of the brachiolaria larvae

Back 58

adhesive that allows the larva to attach to a substrate

Front 59

during metamorphosis, the anterior end of the brachiolaria degenerates and is absorbed by what

Back 59

the adult developing at the possterior end

Front 60

what does the larval undergo for adult development

Back 60

torsion (left and right becomes oral and aboral)

Front 61

the wvc forms from what during development into the adult

Back 61

part of one of the coeloms,