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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ventricular extrasystole
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Wide and abnormal QRS complex and an abnormal T wave. Deep inverted T wave
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P wave
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Upright in all leads except VR and VL (normally)
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Notched or bifid P wave
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Left atrial hypertrophy
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Peaked P waved
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Right atrial hypertrophy
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PR interval
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120-220ms
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Normal ECG : QRS and R wave
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QRS complex upright in leads I-III
R wave tallest in lead II |
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If lead I, II, and AVL are postive what is the axis?
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The axis will be normal
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P mitrale is?
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P mitrale is left atrial enlargement shown in the ECG as notched P
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What are the mitral leads?
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I, II, AVL. Biphasic is V1 with a dominant negative component
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P pulmonale is?
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Right atrial enlargement, P wave more than 2.5mm in leads II, III, AVF
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When the S wave is greater than the R wave in lead I?
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Right axis deviation is present
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When the depth of S wave exceeds the height of R in lead II?
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Left axis deviation is present
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What is meant by R-wave progression?
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It is that the R and S waves in leads V1-V6 change in height progressively in the leads. Meaning that V1 should be a smal R wave and a deep S wave. In lead V6 there shoudl be tall R waves and no S wave
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Where is the transition point of S wave prodominancy to R wave in the precordial leads, in a patient with Chronic lung disease
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We see a clockwise rotation to the transition is V5 or V6
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Dominant R wave in V1 indicates two things?
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RVH or a true posterior infarction
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If the QRS is longer than 120ms what does it mean, 2 things?
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It could mean that the ventricules have been polarized from a ventricular rather than a supraventricular focus or there is an abnormality of conduction within the ventricles.
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Q waves?
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The noraml depolarization of the interventricular septum from left to right causes a small 'septal' Q wave in any of leads II, VL, or V5-V6. Less than 3mm deep and less than 1mm across.
More than 1/3 of R is a significant Q wave |
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ST segment. What does elevation mean? How about depression?
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ST segment elevation - Acute MI
ST segment depression - Ischemia or the effect of digoxin |
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High take-off ST segment?
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ST segment elevation following an S wave in leads V2-V5
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Horizontal ST segment depression of more than 2mm?
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Indicates ischemia
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T wave? what does it look like in the leads
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Normal ECG - T wave is always inverted in AVR and often in V1.
Always upright in the other leads |
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In pulmonary embolism and in RVH where do we see T wave inversion?
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V2-V2 as well as in V1
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U wave?
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Hypokalemia
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Peaked T waves?
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Hyperkalemia
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QT interval
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QTc = QT / root(R-R interval)
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Cardiax axis:
Tall people? Fat people and pregnancy? |
Tall people: Minor Right axis deviation
Fat people and pregnancy: Minor Left axis deviation |
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Frequent ventricular extrasystoles?
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Exclude LV dysfunction and anemia
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