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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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selection bias
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- occurs when two groups vary in ways other than the main factors being investigated in the study
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Measurement bias
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- occurs when measurement of clinical outcome is consistently dissimilar among pt groups because of factors not accounted for my researchers
- age? sex? other things |
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Confounding bias
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- occurs when two factors are associated with each other, and the eefect of one on a clinical oucome is confused with the effect of the other
- can coexist with selection bias - gambling causes CA example |
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Chance
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- random variation
- results are as likely to be abnormally high as low - "normal" lab values describe 95% of population |
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Internal Validity
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- how true are the results of the study for the population studied?
- was it correctly done? |
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External Validity
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- How much do the results of the study apply in other settings
- AKA- generalizability |
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Four steps used when developing a research question
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- pt or problem
- intervention - comparison intervention - outcomes |
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Descriptive Statistics
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- describe a population of people or measurements
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Inferential stats
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- determine how unusual a result or a difference between results is
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Reliability
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- reproducibility, precision
- extent to which repeated measurements are similar |
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Validity
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- accuracy
- does the measurement represent what it is supposed to do? |
