Ebio Exam #2

Front 1

radial symmetry

Back 1

symmetrical like a pie

no left and right- only top and bottom planes

Deutersomes
radiata
tends to be sessile creatures

Front 2

bilateral symmetry

Back 2

"reflection symmetry"

symmetry on the half

tend to be motile

Protostomes

Front 3

sessile

Back 3

attached
don't move

tend to be radial symmetrical

Front 4

motile

Back 4

able to move

tend to have bilateral symmetry

Front 5

hermaphrodite

Back 5

reproductive organs of both sexes are present

Front 6

Problem of sessile animal

Limited by food that floats by

Back 6

Solution of sessile animal

Become a filter feeder

Front 7

Problem of sessile animal

Can't escape danger

Back 7

Solution of sessile animal

Defense mechanisms
---stingers

Front 8

Problem of sessile animal

How to reach your mates

Back 8

Solution of sessile animal

Rely on external fertilization
Become a hermaphrodite

Front 9

Problem of sessile animal

How to disperse your young

Back 9

Solution of sessile animal

Have a motile larvae stage

Front 10

Challenges of all animals

Back 10

• Find and digest food

• Find a mate and reproduce

• Avoid being eaten while doing 1 and 2

• Maintain balance with fluids and salts

• Circulate nutrients

• Remove waste products

Front 11

fundamental modes of existence

Back 11

• Sessile (Attached) or Motile

• Aquatic or Terrestrial

• Small or Large

Front 12

cephalized

Back 12

develop:

head

brain

cns

Front 13

problems from transition from water to land

Back 13

desiccation

gravity

excretion

Front 14

problems with desiccation
(drying up)

tissues dry out

Back 14

solutions for desiccation

develop a protective skin

Front 15

problems with desiccation
(drying up)

need moiture to exchange gasses

Back 15

solutions for desiccation

keep respiratory systems on the inside

Front 16

problems with desiccation
(drying up)

gamates dry up

Back 16

solution for desiccation

internal fertilization

Front 17

problems with desiccation
(drying up)

embryos dry out

Back 17

amniotic egg

seed

Front 18

anterior

posterior

Back 18

top

bottom

Front 19

dorsal

ventral

Back 19

back

belly

Front 20

endoskeleton

Back 20

skeleton on the inside

Front 21

exoskeleton

Back 21

skeleton on the outside

crab

Front 22

ammonia

Back 22

used by aquatic creatures to excrete

Front 23

problems with gravity

cannot rely on buoyancy of water

Back 23

solutions for gravity

skeletal system
---endo or exo

root-shoot system for plants

Front 24

problems with excretion

on ammonia
---requires a large amount of water to dissolve

Back 24

solutions for excretion

use urea or uric acid
--uses less water

Front 25

problems with excretion

animals lose essential salts

Back 25

solutions for excretion

pass waste water through simple tubes (nephridia) to recover the salts

Front 26

surface area

volume

Back 26

pi r squared

4/3 pi r cubed

Front 27

problems based on size

animals have more volume than surface area

Back 27

solutions for size

fold entrails

Front 28

problems based on size

cells too far away from surface

Back 28

solutions for size

become very thin or flat

Front 29

problems based on size

diffusion is not fast enough to remove waste

Back 29

solution for size

develop vascular system
develop a coelom

Front 30

coelom

Back 30

hollow fluid filled core

Front 31

Kingdom Animalia

Back 31

36 phyla

heterotrophic
diploid
eukaryotic
multicellular
motile
reproduce sexually
ingest/digest food in internal cavity

Front 32

heterotrophic

Back 32

depend on other organisms to survive

Front 33

opisthokonta

Back 33

the large monophyletic group
(the big ancestor"

phy choanoflagellata
king fungi
king animalia

Front 34

Phylum Choanoflagellata

choanoflagellates

Back 34

king Protista

feeding cells of the common sponge

Front 35

Colonial organisms

Back 35

bridge the gap b/w unicellular protists and multicellular animals

show:
specialization of cells
division of labor
communication b/w cells

Front 36

zygote

Back 36

fertilization mechanism

Front 37

blastula

Back 37

stage after a zygote

Front 38

blastocoel

Back 38

fluid filled center of blastula

Front 39

blastopore

Back 39

the opening in blastula that turns into a mouth or anus

IS THE DISTINCTION B/W PROTOSTOMES AND DEUTEROSTOMES
depending on which way the mouth develops

Front 40

endoderm

Back 40

"skin within"

forms guts

Front 41

Mesoderm

Back 41

"skin in the middle"

forms skeleton and muscles

Front 42

ectoderm

Back 42

"the skin outside"

forms epidermis, nervous system

Front 43

acoelomate

Back 43

lacks a fluid filled center

flatworms

Front 44

pseudocoeltomate

Back 44

hollow fluid filled cavity

nematodes
rotifers

Front 45

coelomate

Back 45

cavity with entrails

Front 46

protostome

Back 46

"first mouth"
blastopore becomes mouth

anus opposite

always coelomate

annelids mollusks arthropods

Front 47

spiral cleavage

Back 47

protostome development

Front 48

determinate

Back 48

fate of cells determined early

Front 49

schizocoels

Back 49

coelem forms as split in the mesoderm

Front 50

deuterostome

Back 50

"second mouth"
blastophore becomes anus

mouth opens opposite

echinoderms chordates

Front 51

radial cleavage

Back 51

develops deuterostomes

Front 52

indeterminate

Back 52

fate not set early on

deuterostomes

Front 53

enterocoels

Back 53

coelom forms from the guy tissue itself

Front 54

hydrostatic skeleton

Back 54

coelom functions as one

insides arent easily compressed

Front 55

colonial organism

Back 55

show a division of labor of the cells