Eayh Midterm 1.5

Front 1

exposure

Back 1

any condition which provides an opportunity for an external environmental agent to enter the body through various transport mechanisms

Front 2

vectors (different than routes)

Back 2

air (lungs)
food (gi tract)
soil (gi tract/skin)
water (gi tract/skin)

Front 3

distinction between exposure and dose

Back 3

exposure is "outside" the body
dose is "inside" the body

Front 4

exposure parameters

Back 4

time (acute vs. chronic)
location (outdoors vs. indoors)
vector (route)

Front 5

exposure studies reveal that people come into contact with toxic volatile organic compounds and pesticides more _____

Back 5

indoors

Front 6

agent is in the ____

Back 6

vector

Front 7

time activity patterns

Back 7

what did the agent do in the environment with time?

what did the host do in the environment with time?

Front 8

homogeneous vs. heterogeneous exposers

Back 8

mixed exposure scenario
difficult to quantitate putative agent

Front 9

factors influencing biodistribution

Back 9

same exposure may not yield same dose (underlying genetics lead us to all handle chemicals differently)

Front 10

exposure assessment

Back 10

characterization of the exposure setting
identification of the exposure pathway (vector)
quantification of exposure

exposure = intensity x frequency x duration
(how much x how often x how long)

Front 11

assessing exposure and health: the science of quantifying this relationship

Back 11

exposure assessment: the quantification of the human engagement with environmental contaminants (WHY: to evaluate the potential relationship between exposure to the environmental contaminants and health problems)

health assessment in the context of environmental exposures: the quantification of health effects that may be related to specific exposures (WHY: to evaluate the health impact of engaging in specific activities or with environmental contaminants)

Front 12

patterns of exposure

Back 12

continuous
intermittent
cyclic
random
concentrated

Front 13

heirarchy of exposure data or surrogates

Back 13

1. quantitative personal dosimeter measurements; biomarkers of internal dose and biologically effective dose

2. quantitative ambient measurements in vicinity of residence or activity

3. quantitative surrogates of exposure (e.g. estimates of drinking water)

4. residence or employment in proximity of source of exposure

5. residence or employment in general geographic area

Front 14

surface sampler

Back 14

draws in particle-laden air in the same manner as a conventional vacuum cleaner. the instrument collects the dust by circulating the air within a specially designed cyclone. the rotating current of air slows near the bottom of the swirling vortex, and suspended particles drop into a small bottle for later analysis

Front 15

personal sampler

Back 15

records the particles and volatile organic compounds to which the wearer is exposed over the course of several days. particles are trapped by forcing air through a filter with an electric pump, whereas volatile compounds are collected by letting air diffuse through a membrane onto charcoal disks