Eaws P-3

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THREE OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID

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- PREVENT FURTHER INJURY

- INFECTION

- LOSS OF LIFE

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FOUR METHODS OF CONTROLLING METHOD

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DIRECT PRESSURE

ELEVATION

PRESSURE POINTS

TOURNIQUET AS A LAST RESORT

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WHAT IS A PRESSURE POINT

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IS A POINT WHERE A MAIN ARTERY LIES NEAR THE SKIN SURFACE OVER THE BONE. APPLYING PREESURE WITH TWO FINGERS OR THE HEEL OF THE HAND REDUCE OR STOP BLOOD FLOW.

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11 PRESSURE POINTS

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SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL ARTERY (TEMPLE), FACIAL ARTERY (JAW), COMMON CAROTID ARTERY(NECK), SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY(COLLAR BONE), BRACHIAL ARTERY(INNER ELBOW), RADIAL/ULNAR ARTERY(WRIST), FEMORAL(UPPER THIGH), ILLIAC(GROIN), POPLITEAL(KNEE)ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR(ANKLE)

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FIRST DEGREE

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PRODUCESS REDNESS WARMTH AND MILD PAIN

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SECOND DEGREE

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CAUSES RED BLISTERED SKIN AND SEVERE PAIN

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THIRD DEGREE

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DESTROYS TISSUE, SKIN AND BONE IN SEVERE CASES HOWEVER THE PAIN MAYBE ABSENT DUE TO NERVE ENDINGS BEINNG DESTROYED

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CLOSED/SIMPLE FRACTURE

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IS BROKEN BONE W/O A BREAK IN THE SKIN

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OPEN/COMPUND FRACTURE

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HAS A BREAK IN THE SKIN WITH POSSIBLE BONE PROTUSION

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ELECTRIC SHOCK

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WHEN A PERSON COMES IN CONTACT WITH AN ELECTRIC ENERGY SOURCE SHOCK OCCURS IT WILL RESULT TO LITTLE OR NO EVIDENCE OF INJURY TO SEVERE TRAUMA ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIAC ARREST

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SIGNS OF AN OBSTRUCTED AIRWAY

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INABILITY TO TALK

GRASPING/POINTING TO THE THROAT

EXAGERRATED BREATHING EFFORTS

SKIN TURNING A BLUISH COLOR

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HEAT EXHAUSTION

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SERIOUS DISTURBANCE OF BLOOD FLOW TO THE BRAIN, HEART AND LUNGS. THE SKIN IS COOL, MOIST AND CLAMMY AND PUPILS ARE DILATED. BODY TEMP IS NORMAL/HIGH VICTIM IS SWEATING A LOT.

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HEAT STROKE

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VERY SERIOUS BREAKDOWN CAUSED BY A BREAKDOWN OF SWEATING MECHANISM OF THE BODY. THE VICTIM IS UNABLE TO ELEMINATE EXCESSIVE BODY HEAT BUILD UP. HOT/DRY SKIN, UNEVEN PUPIL DILATION AND A WEAK RAPID PULSE ARE THE SYMMPTOMS.

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HYPOTHERMIA

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GENERAL COOLING OF THE BODY CAUSED BY LOW OR RAPIDLY FALLING TEMPERATURE COLD MOISTURE SNOW OR ICE. VICTIMS APPEAR TO BE PALE AND UNCONSCIOUS AND MAY EVEN BE TAKEN FOR DEAD. BREATING IS SLOW AND SHALLOW, PULSE FAINT OR EVEN UNDETECTABLE. BODY TISSUES FEEL SEMI RIGID, ARMS AND LEGS MAY FEEL STIFF.

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SUPERFICIAL FROSTBITE

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IS WHEN ICE CRYSTALS ARE FORMING IN THE UPPER SKIN LAYERS AFTER EXPOSURE TO ATEMPERATURE 32 DEG OR LOWER

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DEEP FROSTBITE

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IS WHEN ICE CRYSTALS ARE FORMING IN THE DEEPER TISSUES AFTER EXPOSURE TO ATEMPERATURE OF 32 DEG OR LOWER

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SHOCK

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IS A LIFE-THREATHENING MEDICAL CONDITION WHERY THE BODY SUFFERS FROM INSUFFICIEBT BLOOD FLOW THROUGHOUT THE BODY AS A RESULT OF SEVERE INJURY OR ILLNESS

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SEPTIC SHOCK

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RESULTS FROM BACTERIA MULTIPLYING IN THE BLOOD AND RELEASING TOXINS. COMMON CAUSES ARE PNEUMONIA, INTRA-ABDOMINAL INFECTION(RUPTURED APPENDIX) AND MENINGITIS

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ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK

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SEVERE HYPERSENSITIVITY OR ALLERGIC REACTION. CAUSES INCLUDE INSECT STING, MEDECINES OR FOOD.

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CARDIOGENIC SHOCK

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OCCURS WHEN THE HEART IS DAMAGED AND UNABLE TO SUPPLY SUFFICIENT BLOOD TO THE BODY. THIS CAN BE THE END RESULT OF A HEART ATTACK OR CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.

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HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK

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CAUSED BY SEVERE BLOOD AND FLUID LOSS SUCH AS TRAUMATIC BODILY INJURY WHICH THE HEART UNABLE TO PUMP ENOUGH BLOOD TO THE BODY.

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NEUROGENIC SHOCK

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CAUSED BY SPINAL CORD INJURY, USUALLY AS A RESULT OF A TRAUMATIC ACCIDENT OR INJURY.

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CPR (CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITAITON)

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IS A COMBINATION OF RESCUE BREATHING AND CHEST COMPRESSIONS DELIVERED TO THE VICTIMS THOUGH TO BE IN CARDIAC ARREST, IT ALSO SUPPORTS A SMALL AMOUNT OF BLOOD FLOW TO THE HEART AND BRAIN TO BUY TIME UNTIL NORMAL HEART FUCTION IS RESTORED

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CPR STEPS HAVE CHANGED TO ABC TO CAB WHY?

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DUE TO THE RECONITION OF THE IMPORTANCE CHEST COMPRESSIONS HAVE ON SUCCESFUL VICTIM RESUSCITATION.

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ALL RESCURES SHOULD BE CERTIFIED AND REFER TO THE CURRENT PROCEDURES AS PUBLISHED BY WHAT?

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AHA (AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION)

ARC (AMERICAN RED CROSS)

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WHAT IS SURVIVAL CHAIN?

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INTEGRATED SET OF COORDINATED ACTION DESIGN TO SUCCESFUL RESUSCITATION FOLLOWING CARDIA ARREST..

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STEPS IN SURVIVAL CHAIN

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- RECOGNITION/ACTIVATION OF CPR

- CHEST COMPRESSIONS

- AED/DEFIBRILLATOR

- RAPID DEFIBRILLATION

- EFFECTIVE ADVANCED LIFE (EMT AMBU LANCE)

-INTEGRATED POST-CARDIAC ARREST CARE

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WHAT IS ORM?

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IS A SYSTEMATIC, DECISION MAKING PROCESS USED TO IDENTIFY AND MANAGE HAZARDS THAT ENDANGER NAVAL RESOURCES.

IS A TOOL USED TO MAKE INFORM DECISIONS BY PROVIDING THE BEST BASELINE OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE AVAILABLE.

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ORM PROCESS

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IDENTIFY HAZARDS

ASSESS HAZARDS

MAKE RISK DECISIONS

IMPLEMENT CONTROLS

SUPERVISE

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IDENTIFY HAZARDS

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BEGIN AN OUTLINE OF MAJOR STEPS IN OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS THEN CONDUCT PRELIMINARY HAZARD ANALYSIS BY LISTING ALL HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH EACH STEP ALONG WITH THE POSSIBLE CAUSE OF THE HAZARD

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ASSESS HAZARDS

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FOR EACH HAZARD IDENTIFIED DETERMINE THE RISK IN TERMS OF PROBABILITY AND SEVERITY

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MAKE RISK DECISIONS

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DEVELOP RISK CONTROL OPTIONS, SELECT WITH THE MOST SERIOUS RISK FIRST AND SELECT CONTROL THAT WILL REDUCE THE RISK TO A MINIMUM, WITH SELECTED CONTROLS IN PLACE DECIDE THE BENEFIT OUWEIGHS THE RISK IF IT'S NOT COMMUNICATE WITH THE HIGHER AUTHORITY

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IMPLEMENT CONTROLS

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MEASURES TO IMPLEMENT RO ELIMINATE HAZARD OR REDUCE DEGREE OF RISK (ENGINEERING CONTROLS, ADMIN CONTROLS AND PPE

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SUPERVISE

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FOLLOW UP EVALUATION OF THE CONTROL TO ENSURE THEY REMAIN IN PLACE AND HAVE DESIRED EFFECT. MONITOR CHANGES AND TAKE CORRECTIVE ACTION WHEN NECESSARY

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CLASS A MISHAP

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- 2,000,000 MILLION OR MORE

- INJURY OR OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS RESULTS IN A FATALITY OR PERMANENT TOTAL DISABILITY

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CLASS B MISHAP

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- 500,000 OR MORE BUT LESS THAN 2M

- INJURY OR OCCUPATIONAL ILLNESS RESULTS IN PERMANENT PARTIAL DISABILTY OR 3 OR MORE PERSONNEL ARE INPATIENT HOSPITALIZED

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CLASS C MISHAP

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- 50,000 OR MORE BUT LESS THAN 500,000

- NON FATAL INJURY THAT CAUSES ANY LOSS OF TIME BEYOND THE DAY OR SHIFT ON WHICH IS OCCURED OR NON FATAL ILLNESS OR DISEASE THAT CAUSES LOSS OF TIME FROM WORK OR DISABILITY. RESULTS IN 50 OR MORE LOST WORKDAYS BEYOND DATE OF INJURY

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PPE PROGRAM

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ESTABLISHED AS A LAST LINE OF DEFENSE IN THE EVENT OF EQUIPMENT BREADOWN, FAILURE OR MISUSE INCLUDES WORKING CONDITIONS THAT MAY EXPOSE THE WORKER TO HAZARD.

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CRANIALS

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INCORPORATE IMPACT PROTECTION, HEARING AND EYE PROTECTION

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EYE PROTECTION

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IMPACT RESISTANT GOGGLES OR CHEMICAL GOGGLES

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IMPACT PROTECTION

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HARD PLASTIC SHELLS WITH FOAM LINER

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GLOVES

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HAND PROTECTION IE LEATHER, RUBBER, WELDER

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FOOT PROTECTION

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FOD FREE, NON SLIP SOLES STEEL TOED