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40 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
State the three objectives of first aid.
Save life, prevent further injury, and prevent infection.
State the 4 methods of controlling bleeding.
Direct pressure, elevation, pressure points, and as a last resort tourniquet.
What is a Pressure Point.
A pressure point is a place where a main artery to the injured part lies near the skin surface and over a bone.
What are the 11 principal points on each side of the body.
temple, jaw, neck, collar bone, inner upper arm, inner elbow, wrist, upper thigh, groin, knee, ankle
Why you use a pressure point.
To temporarily control bleeding by applying finger heel of the hand pressure to the appropriate pressure point.
Where is the pressure point location- Superficial temporal artery?
temple
Where is the pressure point location- Facial artery?
jaw
Where is the pressure point location- Common carotid artery?
neck
Where is the pressure point location- Subclavian artery?
collar bone
Where is the pressure point location- Brachial artery?
inner upper arm and inner elbow
Where is the pressure point location- Radial/Ulnar artery?
wrist
Where is the pressure point location- Femoral artery?
upper thigh
Where is the pressure point location- Iliac artery?
groin
Where is the pressure point location- Popliteal artery?
knee
Where is the pressure point location- Anterior/posterior tibial artery?
ankle
What is shock?
Shock is a disruption of the circulatory system.
Describe the symptoms of shock.
Symptoms include vacant or lackluster eyes, shallow or irregular breathing, cold, pale skin, nausea, and weak or absent pulse. Individuals usually faint do to the poor supply of oxygen to the brain.
Describe the First Aid Treatment for Shock
Treatment is to lay the victim down with the feet elevated 6-12 inches. Cover them to maintain body heat. Reassure and calm the victim, if conscious.
What is a first degree burn?
mildest, producing redness, increased warmth, tenderness and mild pain.
What is a Second Degree Burn?
red and blistered skin; severe pain.
What is a Third Degree Burn?
destroyed tissue, skin and bone in severe cases. Severe pain may be absent due to nerve endings being destroyed.
What is Heat Exaustion?
heat exhaustion is a serious disturbance of blood flow to the brain, heart and lungs.
What are the Symtoms of Heat Exaustion?
The skin is cool, moist, and clammy ad the pupils dilated and normal or subnormal body temperature. Usually the victim is sweating profusely.
What is the First Aid Treatment of Heat Exasution?
Treatment: Move the victim to a cool or air conditioned area; loosen clothing; apply cool wet cloths to the head, groin, and ankles; fan the victim; do not allow the victim to become chilled; if the victim is conscious, give a solution of one teaspoon salt dissolved in a liter of cool water and transport to a medical facility.
What is Heat Stroke?
The victim is unable to eliminate excessive body heat build up caused by a breakdown of the sweating mechanism.
What are the Symtoms Of Heat Stroke?
Symptoms may include hot and/or dry skin, uneven pupil dilation, and a weak, rapid pulse.
What is the First Aid Treatment of Heat Stroke
Treatment: Reduce the heat immediately by dousing the body with cold water. Apply wet, cold towels to the body and move the victim to the coolest possible place. Maintain an open airway. Place the victim on his/her back with shoulders raised slightly. Place cold packs or towels around the victim's shoulders and neck. Place additional cold packs on the ankles and groin area. Use a fan if available. A cold water bath is very helpful.
What is an "Open" or "compound" fracture?
An "open" or "compound" fracture is one in which there is an open wound in the tissue or skin. The bone may be protruding thru the skin.
What is a "Closed" or "Simple" fracture?
A "closed" or "simple" fracture is one, which is internal, that is, the bone is broken, but there is no break in the
skin.
How would you Rescue a person in an Electrical Shock situation?
Extreme caution must be
used, or the rescuer may also be electrocuted. YOU MUST NOT TOUCH THE VICTIM'S BODY, WIRE, OR ANY OTHER OBJECT THAT MAY BE CONDUCTING ELECTRICITY. Look for the switch, first, and turn off the current immediately.
If you cannot find the switch, try to remove the wire from the victim with a dry broom, handle, branch, pole, oar, board or other non-conducting object. It may be possible to use a dry rope or dry clothing to pull the wire away from the victim.
What is the First Aid Treatment for Eletrical Shock?
Administer artificial ventilation immediately after freeing the person from the wire if the electric shock caused breathing to stop. Check the pulse since electric shock may cause the heart to stop. If you feel no pulse, start CPR immediately. Get the victim to a medical facility immediately.
What is Superficial Frostbite?
Ice crystals forming in the upper skin layers after exposure to a temperature of 32 degrees or lower.
What is Deep Frostbite?
Ice crystals forming in the deeper tissues after exposure to a temperature of 32 degrees or lower.
What is the First Aid Treatment for Deep Frostbite?
Treatment is to get the
victim indoors, rewarm the area by placing them in warm water or with hot water bottles. Other methods include placing them under the armpits, against the abdomen, or between the legs of a friend. Never rub the frostbite area. Seek medical attention immediately.
What are the indicators of a person Chokeing?
One of the most reliable indications of an airway obstruction is the victim's inability to talk. Other indicators include grasping and pointing to the throat, exaggerated breathing efforts, and the skin turning a bluish color.
How would you help a Standing Choking Victim?
Stand behind the victim and wrap your arms around the victim's waist. Grasp your wrist and place the thumb side of your fist against the victim's abdomen, above the navel and just below the rib cage. Give 4 quick upward thrusts to the victim. (It is recommended 4 thrusts by the American Heart Association and 5 recommended by the American Red Cross). The obstruction should pop out like a cork. If unsuccessful, repeat until the obstruction is dislodged. 
How would you help a Reclined or Laying Down Choking Victim?
Reclining Abdominal thrusts are used if the victim is lying down. Position yourself for the thrust by either straddling the victim at the hips, straddling one leg, or kneeling at the hips. Place your hands one on top of the other in the area between the
lower end of the sternum (breast bone) and the navel, and give 4 quick upward thrusts into the abdomen. (5 thrusts recommended by American Red Cross and 4 thrusts recommended by American Heart Assoc.)
What is Hypothermia?
A general cooling of the whole body caused by exposure to low or rapidly falling temperature, cold moisture, snow or ice.
What are the Symtoms of Hypothermia?
The victim may appear pale and unconscious, and may even be taken for dead. Breathing is slow and shallow, pulse faint or even undetectable. The body tissues feel semi-rigid, and the arms and legs may feel stiff.
What is the First Aid Treatment for Hypothermia?
First aid consists of bringing the body temperature to normal. The patient should be wrapped in warm blankets in a warm room. Do not give him hot drinks or other stimulants until he has regained consciousness. Get medical attention immediately.