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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 modes of communist power grab |
Pseudo-Parliamentary (Hungary) Civil War Won by Commies (Albania) Baggage-train Seizures of Power (Poland)
even though these patterns affect levels of legitimacy of communist party, all end w/ single-party rule under the communists |
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Marxism-Leninism |
rule by the vanguard party's "dictatorship of the proletariat" and the principle of democratic centralism |
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Democratic centralism |
part of Marxism-Leninism; diversity in discussion, unity in action |
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ideal type |
communism, socialism, and capitalism; not realities; utopian societies, when everything runs perfectly |
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nomenklatura |
system of controlling appointments to all important jobs; the class of loyal party members who held various key administrative positions and other desirable jobs in the Soviet Union or other Eastern bloc countries; must be in good standing w/ a Party member to have good job! |
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The Party |
The way to refer to the communist party within the European states. Politburo was the leadership |
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perverse incentives |
the economic plan under the Soviet system made it more beneficial to either reduce reported output or lie about it being at lower levels than it actually was (bc the Party would raise quota) an incentive w/ undesirable results, unintended consequences; caused shortages of consumer goods!! |
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solidarity |
a movement that began in Poland, mass campaign for political change; strikes because of price hikes. Brought about the collapse of communism in Poland! Was once a trade union and became popular social movement! |
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modes of transition from communism |
Pacted: parties were facing ever growing and increasing powerful opposition; had roundtable talks to try and reform Mass Protests: info spread about what was going on elsewhere; protests!! State Breakdown: end of communism, birth of new states! |
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regime |
rules of the game; THREE TYPES!: democratic: rule by the people authoritarian: military dictatorship, facist, monarch, state socialism hybrid: "democracy w/ adjectives" (quasi, electoral) |
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simultaneity problem |
simultaneity problem of multiple transitions at once: political, social, econ, and sometimes even new states; this occurred during the transition from communism, adding to the unpredictable and chaotic nature of the transition period |
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electoral system |
How voters vote! EX: single-member district, proportional representation, hybrid/mixed systems |
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accountability (vertical and horizontal) |
the central element of democracy, being able to hold the state accountable for their actions. There are two types: Vertical: voter and the person running for office; VOTING! Horizontal: Checks and balances! Three branches of gov't |
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executive-legistlative relationships in democracy |
Presidential: separately elected, separation of powers, head of gov't and head of state same person Parliamentary: vote for parliament, then for prime minister (Executive), coalition gov't required Semi-Pres: mix between two, Prime minister and cabinet from popularly elected Parliament and a directly elected President w/ more than ceremonial power |
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rational-bureaucratic legitimacy |
goal of de-politicization; by Weber |
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state capacity |
ability of state to extract resources, make and enforce laws |
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consolidation |
being in equilibrium so long as the response of its citizens is consistent with the institutions that the country's elites supply; easier to consolidate a country that has a regime that is there longer. |
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political cultrue |
a group's basic orientations towards politics; Almond and Verba argue that a balance of political culture that is active the affairs of the state but isn't overbearing |
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civic culture |
there is political activity, but not so much as to destroy gov't authority; there is involvement and commitment but they are moderated; there is political cleavage, but it is held in check |
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corruption |
abuse of public office for private gain; |
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state capture |
use of public resources for private gains |
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winner take all |
in a plurality voting system; the winner is the one with the most votes |
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civil society |
conceived of as a crucial part of the public space between the state and the family, and embodied in voluntary org; diverse units of social identity |
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social capital |
informal connectedness and norms of reciprocity and trust |
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Havel's Greengrocer |
greengrocer makes the sign workers of the world unite because it was his job to display the sign, the gov't gave him the sign; he would be fighting the system if he didn't do it |
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favored cliques |
the way in which Western organizations tried to distribute civil society aid |
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uncivil society |
citizens group together to pursue common needs and interests, exert pressure on state; but not always good!! not all voluntary association causes increases in democratic social capital! (KKK, or Hungarian Guard) |
