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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

uniformitarianism

The geological principle that the same geologic processes that operates today operated in the past to change Earth's surface



mechanial weathering

The type of weathering in which rock is physicaally broken into smaller pieces

abarasion

The grinding away of rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind

erosion

The process by which water, ice, wind or gravity moves weathered partcicles of rock and soil

frost wedging

Process taht splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands

weathering

The chemical and physical processes that break down rock and other substances

chemical weathering

The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes

oxidation

A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxides, forming rust

permeable

Characteristics of a material that contains connected air spaces, or pores, that water can seep through easily

soil

The loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow

bedrock

Rock that makes up Earth's crust; also the solid rock layer beneath the soil.

humus

Dark-colored organic material in soil

fertility

A measure of how well soil supports plant growth

loam

Rich, fertile soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand, and silt

pH scale

A range of values used to indicate how acidic or basic a substance is; expresses the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

soil horizon

A layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers below or above it

topsoil

The crumbly, topmost layer of soil made up of clay and other minerals and humus

subsoil

The layer of soil below topsoil that has less plant and animal matter than topsoil and contains mostly clay and other minerals

decomposer

An organism that gets energy by breaking down wastes and dead organisms, and returns raw materials to the soil and water

natural resource

Anything naturally occurring in the environment that humans use

soil conservation

The management of soil to limit its destruction

crop rotation

The planting of different crops in a field each year to maintain the soil's fertility

contour plowing

Plowing fields along the curves of a slope to prevent soil loss

conservation plowing

Soil conservation method in which weeds and dead stalks from the pervious year's crop are plowed into the ground