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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Asthenosphere
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A zone of the earth's mantle that lies beneath the lithosphere & consists of several hundred kilometers of deformable rock
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Continental Crust
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Layer of igneous, sedimentary & metamorphic rocks which form continents
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Continental Plate/Crustal Plate
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A rigid layer of the Earth's crust that is believed to drift slowly
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convection
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The transfer of heat from one place to another by the movement of fluids
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convergent boundary
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Tectonic plates move toward each other and collide
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core
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Innermost part of the earth, radius of 1220 km, temperature 9800 degrees F, pressure 330-360 gigapascals
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crust
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Consist of about 10 miles of rock and loose materials
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density
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Mass per unit volume
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divergent boundary
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Two plates are moving away from each other & new crust is forming from magma that rises to Earth's surface
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Earth`s magnetic field
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Magnetic field that extends from the earth's inner core to where it meets the solar wind
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earthquake
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The result of a sudden release of energy in the earth's crust that creates seismic waves. Shaking of the ground caused by an abrupt shift of rock along a fracture in the earth.
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fault
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breaks in earth`s crust when rocks slip past each other
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Normal Fault
Reverse Fault Strike-Slip Fault |
The hanging wall has moved downward relative to the footwall.
The hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall. Vertical fractures where the blocks have moved horizontal. |
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geological event
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earthquakes and volcanos
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inner core
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The core is a solid ball in the middle of the earth. Consist primarily of a nickel-iron alloy, temperature 9800 degrees F, pressure 330-360 gigapascals.
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iron & nickel
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chemical elements
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lava
magma |
Molten rock expelled by a volcano.
Mixture of molten rock, voilatiles and solids that is found beneath surface of earth |
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lithosphere
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Outer solid part of the earth, 100 kilometers thick
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mantle
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First part of the interior of earth. Temp - 932 to 1652 degrees F.
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molten
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Fused or liquefied by heat
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oceanic crust
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A part of the earth`s lithosphere that surfaces in the ocean basins.
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outer core
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Liquid layer about 2266 kilometers thick, composed of iron and nickel, lies above solid inner core and below mantle.
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plate boundaries
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Linear feature that exists between 2 tectonic plates that are moving away from each other
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plates
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pieces of the earth`s crust
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Theory of plate tectonics
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The outer rigid layer of the earth is divided into a couple of dozen plates that move around across the earth's surface relative to each other.
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primary wave
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Rock particles vibrate parallel to the direction of wave travel.
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rift valley
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A linear-shaped lowland between highlands or mountain ranges created by the action of a geologic rift or fault.
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secondary wave
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Rock particles vibrate at right angles to the direction of wave travel.
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seismologist
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the study of earthquakes
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Tension Stress
Compression Stress Shearing Stress |
Rocks stretch and become thin in the middle.
Rocks squeezing together where plates are moving toward one another causes them to fold or break. Forces are parallel but move in opposite directions. |
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surface wave
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A seismic wave that is trapped near the surface of the earth.
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subduction
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One edge of one crustal plate is forced below edge of another.
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transform boundary
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A place where two plates move past each other
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viscous
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Thick, sticky consistency between solid and liquid
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volcanic eruption
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Magma escapes from below the earths crust. Hot spots are places within the mantle where rocks melt to generate magma.
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