Earth's Structure

Front 1

Asthenosphere

Back 1

Located in the mantle below the Lithosphere, made up of soft rock but is hard, temperature is high, and pressure increases

Front 2

Continental Crust

Back 2

The layer of igneous, sedimentary, which forms the continents

Front 3

Convection

Back 3

The transfer of heat by movement of a fluid

Front 4

Convergent boundary

Back 4

A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other

Front 5

Core

Back 5

Located in the center of Earth has two sections: inner and outer core, made up of mostly iron and nickel, temperature is around 9000F, pressure is 51-97km

Front 6

Crust

Back 6

Located on the surface of Earth, made up of granite and basalt, temperature is around 70F, pressure is normal

Front 7

Density

Back 7

The amount of mass in a given space; mass per unit volume

Front 8

Divergent boundary

Back 8

A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other

Front 9

Earth’s magnetic field

Back 9

Movement in Earth’s outer core creates Earth’s magnetic field, North and South Pole are Earth’s magnetic poles

Front 10

Earthquake

Back 10

Is the shaking and trembling that results from movement of rock beneath Earth’s surface, the rock that is under stress breaks, triggering an earthquake

Front 11

Fault (definition)

Back 11

A break in Earth’s crust where masses of rock slip past each other

Front 12

Fault (description of types)

Back 12

Normal faults-One block is at an angle and goes up and one slides down Reverse faults-the opposite of the normal fault Strike-slip fault-Rocks on either side of a strike-slip fault past each other

Front 13

Geological event

Back 13

an event that includes Earth’s features, volcanoes erupting, rocks being melted

Front 14

Inner core

Back 14

Found in the center of Earth below the outer core, made up of iron and nickel, temperature is 9000 to 12000F, pressure is enormous

Front 15

Iron and nickel

Back 15

Found in the center of Earth in the core

Front 16

Lava and magma

Back 16

Both molten, found in volcanoes lava when it comes out of volcano magma when in volcano

Front 17

Lithosphere

Back 17

Found in the mantle above Asthenosphere, made up of stone, about 100km thick, temperature is warmer just a little than the crust, pressure increases

Front 18

Mantle

Back 18

Found between the crust and core has two parts the lithosphere and Asthenosphere, made up of hot rock, very strong pressure

Front 19

Molten

Back 19

Is melted rock, can turn into lava or magma

Front 20

Oceanic crust

Back 20

The relatively thin part of Earth’s crust that underlines the ocean basins

Front 21

Outer core

Back 21

Located in the center of Earth above the inner core, made up of iron and nickel, temperature is around 7000 to 9500F, pressure is very heavy

Front 22

Plate boundaries

Back 22

Form on the edges of Earth’s plates 2 plate boundaries: divergent, and converging

Front 23

Plates

Back 23

A section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust

Front 24

(Theory of) plate tectonics

Back 24

The theory that pieces of Earth’s lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle

Front 25

Primary wave

Back 25

Known as P waves, a type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground

Front 26

Rift valley

Back 26

A deep valley that forms where two plates move apart

Front 27

Secondary wave

Back 27

Known as S waves, a type of seismic wave that moves the ground up or down or side to side

Front 28

Seismologist

Back 28

A geophysicist who studies earthquakes and mechanical characteristics of the Earth

Front 29

Stress

Back 29

A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume, 3 types: tension, compression and shearing

Front 30

Surface wave

Back 30

A type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach Earth’s surface

Front 31

Subduction

Back 31

The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary

Front 32

Transform boundary

Back 32

A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions

Front 33

Viscous

Back 33

How sticky a liquid or solid is or its consistency

Front 34

Volcanic eruption

Back 34

The force of the expanding gases pushes magma from the magma chamber through the pipe until it flows or explodes out of the vent, in a hot spot a volcano forms above a hot spot when magma erupts through the crust and reaches the surface, in converging boundaries the more denser plate goes under and the magma breaks through the ocean floor which makes a volcano