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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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exact location of an earthquake
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FOCUS
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location of the focus
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BELOW EARTH'S SURFACE
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location on the surface directly above origin of the earthquake
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EPICENTER
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origin of the earthquake
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FOCUS
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earthquake waves
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SEISMIC WAVES
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a shift in rocks deep below the surface
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EARTHQUAKE
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why earthquakes occur
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SHIFT IN LITHOSPHERIC PLATES DUE TO CONVECTION
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the instrument used to measure earthquake waves
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SEISMOMETER
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the record of earthquake waves
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SEISMOGRAM or SEISMOGRAPH
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three types of seismic waves
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S,P,L
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a line along earthquakes occur
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FAULT or FAULT PLANE
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a crack in the Earth's crust
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FRACTURE
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refers to the amount of energy
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MAGNITUDE
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scale of earthquake magnitude
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RICHTER SCALE
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refers to the effect of the energy released
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INTENSITY
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scale of earthquake intensity
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MERCALLI SCALE
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"P" waves
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PRIMARY
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first waves to arrive
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P or PRIMARY
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small waves
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P or PRIMARY
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longitudinal waves
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P or PRIMARY
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"S" waves
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SECONDARY
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second waves to arrive
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S or SECONDARY
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larger waves
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S and L
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transverse waves
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S and L
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waves that travel only through solid layers of Earth
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S or SECONDARY
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waves that can travel through solid or molten layers of Earth
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P or PRIMARY
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waves that only travel across the surface of Earth
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L or LOVE-RALEIGH
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very damaging waves
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L or LOVE-RALEIGH
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"L" waves
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LOVE-RALEIGH
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last waves to arrive
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L or LOVE-RALEIGH
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the process of using seismograms from 3 locations to determine epicenter location
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TRIANGULATION
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the amount of force applied
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STRESS
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the response to stress
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STRAIN
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rocks that bend under stress
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DUCTILE
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rocks that crack under stress
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BRITTLE
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the change occurring in rocks due to stress
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DEFORMATION
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the ability to bend or stretch without permanent change
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ELASTIC
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when stresses push together
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COMPRESSION
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when stresses pull apart
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TENSION
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when stresses pull opposite corners in opposite directions
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SHEARING
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fault related to shearing stress
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LATERAL or STRIKE-SLIP
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fault related to transform plate boundary
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LATERAL or STRIKE-SLIP
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fault type of the San Andreas
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LATERAL or STRIKE-SLIP
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fault related to compression stress
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REVERSE or THRUST
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fault related to convergent plate boundary
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REVERSE or THRUST
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fault at Northridge
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REVERSE or THRUST
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fault related to tension stress
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NORMAL
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fault related to divergent boundary
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NORMAL
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fault created Basin and Range in Nevada
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NORMAL
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fault that forms a fault scarp
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NORMAL
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two of these faults produced fault-block mountains (graben-horst)
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NORMAL
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produces anticlines and synclines
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FOLDING
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stress related to folding
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COMPRESSION
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plate boundary related to folding
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CONVERGENT
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the "hills" or upward folds
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ANTICLINES
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the "valleys" or downward folds
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SYNCLINES
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fault that may result in a waterfall
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REVERSE or THRUST
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results in uplifted mountains
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FOLDING
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location of most earthquakes
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NEAR PLATE BOUNDARIES
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