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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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epicenter |
point on the earth's surface directly above where an earthquake starts |
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focus |
place inside earth where earthquake starts |
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seismic waves |
vibrations released during an earthquake |
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tsunami |
caused by earthquakes under the ocean |
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seismogram |
higher lines indicate stronger earthquakes |
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lava |
magma on the earth's surface |
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primary waves |
arrive at a seismograph station first |
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secondary wave |
moves at a right angle from the focus, don't pass through liquid |
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surface wave |
slowest seismic waves |
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causes of quiet versus violent eruptions |
the amount of water vapor and gases and the amount of silica in the magma |
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hot spot |
hot rock is forced towards crust and partially melts (ex. Hawaiian Islands) |
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shield volcano |
quiet eruptions of basaltic lava in layers form a broad volcano with gently sloping sides |
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cinder cone volcano |
explosive eruptions of lava and rock(tephra) form a steep sided loosely packed volcano |
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composite volcano |
cycle of lava and tephra eruptions in alternating layers, forms a volcano where earths plates come together and one goes below the other |
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strike slip fault |
happens at a transform boundary |
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reverse fault |
happens at convergent boundary |
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normal fault |
happens at a divergent boundary |
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Moment Magnitude Scale |
scale commonly used to measure the intensity of earthquakes |
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Liquefaction |
occurs when soil is high in moisture |
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Mercalli Scale |
measures earthquake intensity based on structural and geologic damage |
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tectonic plates |
sections of the earth |
