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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Seismology |
The study of earthquakes |
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Deformation |
The bending, tilting, and breaking of the earth's crust; the change in the shape of rock in response to stress |
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Elastic rebound |
The sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape |
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Seismic wave |
A wave of energy that travels through the earth, away from an earthquake in all directions |
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P wave |
A seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a back-and-forth motion |
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S wave |
A seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a side-to-side motion |
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Seismograph |
An instrument that records vibrations in the ground and determines the location and strength of an earthquake |
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Seismogram |
A tracing of earthquake motion that is created by a seismograph |
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Epicenter |
The point on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake starting point or focus |
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Focus |
The point along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs |
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Gap hypothesis |
A hypothesis that is based on the idea that a major earthquake is more likely to occur along the part of an active fault where no earthquakes have occurred for a certain period of time |
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Seismic gap |
An area along a fault where relatively few earthquakes have occurred recently but where strong earthquakes have occurred in the past |
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Volcano |
A vent or fissure in the Earth's surface through which magma and gases are expelled |
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Magma chamber |
The body of molten rock that feeds a volcano |
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Vent |
An opening at the surface of the Earth through which volcanic material passes |
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Crater |
A funnel-shaped pit near the top of the central vent of a volcano |
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Caldera |
A large semi circular depression formed when the magma chamber below a volcano partially empties and causes the ground above to sink |
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Lava plateau |
A wide flat landform that results from repeated non explosive eruptions of lava that spread over a large area |
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Rift zone |
An area of deep cracks that form between two tectonic plates that are pulling away from each other |
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Hot spot |
A volcanic Lee active area of Earth's surface far from a tectonic plate boundary |
