Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Rock that record geological events also record changing life forms of the
|
past
|
|
|
How old is the earth
|
older than what anyone had prevously imagined
|
|
|
How has the surface been changed
|
by the sme geological process that continues today
|
|
|
What is unformitarism
|
means that the forces and processes that we observe today have been at work for a very long time
|
|
|
What is Relative Dating
|
Tells us the sequence in which events occurred, not how long they occured
|
|
|
What is the Law of superposition
|
States that in an undeformed sequence of sedimentary rocks. Each bed is older than the one above it and younger than the one below it
|
|
|
What is the principle of original horizontally
|
means that layers of sediment are generally deposited in a horizontal position
|
|
|
What is the principle of cross-cutting relationships
|
States that when a fault cuts through rock layers, or when magma intrudes other rocks and crystallizes, we can assume that the fault or intrusion is younger than the rocks affected
|
|
|
What is inclusion
|
Are rocks contained within othe rrocks.
|
|
|
If rock contain inclusion are they younger or older than the incusions they contain
|
younger
|
|
|
Rock that record geological events also record changing life forms of the
|
past
|
|
|
How old is the earth
|
older than what anyone had prevously imagined
|
|
|
How has the surface been changed
|
by the sme geological process that continues today
|
|
|
What is unformitarism
|
means that the forces and processes that we observe today have been at work for a very long time
|
|
|
What is Relative Dating
|
Tells us the sequence in which events occurred, not how long they occured
|
|
|
What is the Law of superposition
|
States that in an undeformed sequence of sedimentary rocks. Each bed is older than the one above it and younger than the one below it
|
|
|
What is the principle of original horizontally
|
means that layers of sediment are generally deposited in a horizontal position
|
|
|
What is the principle of cross-cutting relationships
|
States that when a fault cuts through rock layers, or when magma intrudes other rocks and crystallizes, we can assume that the fault or intrusion is younger than the rocks affected
|
|
|
What is inclusion
|
Are rocks contained within othe rrocks.
|
|
|
If rock contain inclusion are they younger or older than the incusions they contain
|
younger
|
|
|
What is unconformity
|
Represents along period during which deposition stopped. Erosion removed previously formed rocks, adn then deposition resumed
|
|
|
What is angular unconformity
|
indicates that during the pause in deposition, a period if deformation (folding or tilting) and erosion occured.
|
|
|
What is nonconformity
|
is when the erosional surfaces seperates older metamorphic or intrusive igneous rock from younger sedimentary rocks
|
|
|
What is disconformity
|
when two sedimentary rock layers are separated by an erosional surface
|
|
|
What is correlation
|
Establishing the equivalence of rocks of similar age in different areas
|
|
|
What are fossils
|
the remains or traces of prehistoric life. They are important components of sediment and sedimentary rock
|
|
|
What is the determination of type of fossil
|
the type of fossil that is formed is determined by the conditions the organism died and how it was buried
|
|
|
What is unaltered Remains
|
Some remains of organisms-such as teeth, bones, and shells- may not have been altered, or may have changed hardly at all over time
|
|
|
Altered Remains
|
the remains of an organism are more likely to be changed over time. Fossils often become petrified or turn to stone.
|
|
|
What are other common types of fossil?
|
Molds and casts
|
|
|
When is carbonization particularly effective
|
pressuring leaves and delicate animals
|
|
|
When does carbonization occur
|
when an organism is buried under fine sediment
|
|
|
indirect evidence
|
trace fossils are indirect evidence of prehistoric life
|
|
|
Conditions favoring preservation
|
two conditions are important for preservation: rapid burial and the possession of hard parts
|
|
|
What are fossils and correlation
|
the principle of fossil succession states that fossil organisms succeed one another in a definite and determinable order.
|
|
|
How can any time period be recognized by its fossil content
|
fossils and correlation
|
|
|
what are index fossils
|
are widespread geographically, are limited to a short span of geologic time, and occur in large numbers
|
|
|
What is interpreting environments
|
fossils can be used to interpret and describe ancient environment
|
|
|
What is basic atomic structure
|
orbiting the nucleus are electrons, which are negative electrical charges
|
|
|
atomic number
|
the number of protons in the atom's nucleus
|
|
|
mass number
|
the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom's nucleus
|
|
|
radioactivity
|
the spontaneous decay of certain unstable atomic nuclei
|
|
|
half-life
|
the amount of time necessary for one-half of the nuclei in a sample to decay to a stable isotope
|
|
|
radiometric dating
|
each radioactive isotope has been decaying at a constant rate since the formation of the rocks in which it occurs
|
|
|
What does the procedure of calculating the absolute age of ricks and minerals contain
|
radioactive isotopes
|
|
|
what is radiocarbon dating
|
as a radioactive isotope decays, atoms of the daughter product are formed and accumulate.
|
|
|
How do you determine age
|
by comparing the amount of carbon- 14 to 12 in a sample
|
|
|
what is the importance of radiometric dating
|
radiometric dating has supported the ideas of James Hutton, Charles Darwin, and other who inferred that geologic time must be immense.
|
|
|
What is the Geologic time scale
|
Based on their interpretations Earth's 4.56
|
|
|
What are eons
|
represent the greatest expanses of time
|
|
|
eras
|
divided eons
|
|
|
periods
|
Each era is subdivided into this
|
|
|
epochs
|
smaller units of periods that are divided
|
