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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Luster
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the physical property of a mineral that describes how light is reflected from its surface
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Crystal
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a solid having a distinctive shape because its atoms are arranged in repeating patterns
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Gem
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a valuable mineral highly prized because it is rare and beautiful
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Cleavage
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the physical property of a mineral that causes it to break along smooth, flat surfaces
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Mineral
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a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a distinct internal structure and chemical compositions
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Hardness
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a measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched
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Titanium
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durable, lightweight metal obtained from minerals such as ilmenite or rutile
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Magma
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hot melted rock material beneath earth’s surface
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Fracture
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the physical property of a mineral that causes it to break with rough or jagged edges
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Silicate
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minerals containing silicon and oxygen, usually with other elements; the largest group of minerals
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Ore
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a mineral containing a useful substance, such as a metal, that can be mined for a profit
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Streak
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the color of a mineral when it is powered; usually observed by rubbing the mineral on a ceramic plate
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Rock
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earth material made of a mixture of one or more minerals, glass, mineraloids, or organic matter
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Foliated
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a type of metamorphic rock created when mineral grains flatten and line up in parallel bands
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Compaction
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a sedimentary rock-forming process that occurs when layers of small sedimentary become compressed by weight of layers above them
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Extrusive
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igneous rock that form when magma extrudes onto earths surface and cools as lava; have a fine-grained texture
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Congeneration
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process in which a power plant uses both the electrical and thermal energy produced by the plant
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Granite
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light-colored igneous rock formed from magma rich in silicon and oxygen
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Waste coal
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large piles of poor-quality coal lying near abandoned coal mines
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Rock cycle
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the process by which, over many of years, earth materials form and change back and forth among igneous rock, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks
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Lava
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molten materials from a volcano flowing onto earth’s surface
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Metamorphic Rock
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Rock formed from sedimentary, igneous, or other metamorphic rock due to increase in heat or pressure
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Intrusive
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Igneous rocks formed when magma cools below earth’s surface; generally have large mineral grains
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Igneous rock
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Rock formed by the cooling and hardening of molten material from a volcano or from deep inside earth
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Sediment
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Loose materials such as rock fragment of rocks, mineral grains, and bits of plants and animals that have been transported by wind, water, or glaciers
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Nonfoliated
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A type of metamorphic rock created when mineral grains change, grow, and rearrange, but don’t form bands
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Cementation
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A sedimentary rock-forming process in which large sediments are glued together by minerals deposited between the sediments
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Basaltic
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Dark-colored, dense igneous rocks that form from magma rick in iron and magnesium
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Sedimentary rock
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Rock formed when fragments of rocks, minerals and/or organic matter are compated or cemented together or preciiate out of solution
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