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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Earthquakes |
Shift in the Earth's crust that creates shaking of the earth |
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Seismic Waves |
Waves of energy in the earth produced from earthquakes |
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P-Wave |
Primary Seismic Wave |
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S-Wave |
Secondary Seismic Wave |
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Surface Wave |
Seismic wave that travels parallel to the earth's crust |
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Crust |
Uppermost layer of the earth |
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Mantle (Upper and Lower) |
Upper: Plastic-like/solid moveable or plyable Lower: Rigid/Solid; Not moveable |
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Core (Outer and Inner) |
Outer: Liquid Inner: Solid |
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Topographic Relief |
Vertical difference between highest and lowest elevation within an area |
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Orogenic Belts |
When a continental plate is crumpled and is pushed upwards to form mountain ranges |
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Weathering |
rainfall, ice formation, or the action of living things, such as algae and plant roots |
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Erosion |
wind, water, or other natural agents |
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Minerals |
Naturally-Occuring, inorganic solid with a definite atomic structure and chemical composition |
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Oxygen composition of the Earth's crust |
46.6% |
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Silicon composition of the Earth's crust |
27.7% |
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How many primary minerals are there in the Earth's crust? |
8 total = 98.5% of all minerals |
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Hardness |
Measure of a mineral's resistance to scratching |
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Cleavage |
Minerals break along flat surfaces |
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Fracture |
The way a mineral breaks |
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Luster |
The quality and intensity of light reflected from the surface of a mineral |
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Mohs' Hardness Scale |
Scale used to measure relative hardness of minerals by its resistance to scratching |
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What is the hardness of Quartz? |
7 |
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Bowen's Reaction Series |
Description of the order in which minerals form during the cooling and solidification of magma and the way the minerals react with the remaining magma |
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Igneous Rocks |
Forms from cooling of magma
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Sedimentary Rocks |
Forms from lithification of rock fragments |
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Metamorphic Rocks |
Forms from rock change by heat and/or or pressure |
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Texture |
Used to classify Igneous Rocks Intrusive: Cooled beneath the surface, Cooled slowly |
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Intrusive |
Type of Texture; Cooled beneath the surface, Cooled slowly |
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Extrusive |
Type of Texture: Cooled above the surface, Cooled Quickly Also known as volcanic |
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Composition |
Used to classify Igneous Rocks Felsic Mafic |
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Felsic (Granitic) |
Light colored rocks Rich in feldspar and silica Found on Continents |
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Mafic (Basaltic) |
Dark colored rocks Rich in Magnesium and Iron Found on Ocean Floor |
