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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atoms |
-All matters are composed of atoms -The smallest particle that cannot be chemically split. -Atoms contain protons and neutrons located in the central nucleus, which is surrounded by electrons. |
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Protons and Neutrons |
They are very dense particles |
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Proton |
Mass: 1 Charge: +1 Location: Nucleus |
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Neutron |
Mass: ~1 Charge: +/- Location: Nucleus |
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Electron |
Mass: 1/1837 Charge: -1 Location: Orbitals (around nucleus) |
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How can we determine different atoms? |
By the number of protons |
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Atomic number = Number of protons in nucleus |
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Isotopes |
Atoms with different number of protons and neutrons -Isotopes allow to age date rocks |
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Mass number |
Number of protons and neutrons in nucleus |
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Element |
Substance made of one kind of atom (with a unique atomic number) |
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_________ is the #1 element that the crust of the earth is made up of |
Oxygen |
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The top 4 elements that make up the earth's crust are: |
Oxygen 46.6% (O) Silicon 27% (Si) Aluminum 8.0% (Al) Iron 5.0% (Fe) |
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Ion |
Is an electrically charged atom |
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Cation |
+1 Positively charged ion -When a valence electron leaves the atom |
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Anion |
-1 Negatively charged ion -When atom received valence electron |
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Covalent Bond |
Is the sharing of outer shell electrons |
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What is the strongest bond? |
A covalent bond |
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Octet rule |
Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons until they are surrounded by eight valence electrons. |
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Chemical bond |
The transfer or sharing of electrons th at allow each atom to attain a full valence shell of electrons. |
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Ionic bond |
The attraction of oppositely charged ions to one another, producing an electrically neutral compound. (cation + anion = neutral) |
