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193 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Inferences
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Conclusions or predictions based on observations
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Instruments
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Extend our senses to make observations
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Cyclic Relationships
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Repeat and are predictable
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As temperature increases, density ___________.
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decreases
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As temperature increases, volume _________.
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increases
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As temperature increases, kinetic energy _________.
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increases
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As Pressure increases, volume _______.
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decreases
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As Pressure increases, density _______.
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increases
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Do the same objects of different sizes have the same density?
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Yes
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At what temperture is water most dense in liquid form?
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4°C
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Everything other than water is most dense in what form?
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Solid
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For objects with densities less than 1, the lower the density the _____ it floats.
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Higher
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The higher the density over 1, the faster the object ________.
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Sinks
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As population ▲, pollution ▲, water quality _____.
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▼
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What topics make up Earth science?
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Astronomy, meteorology,Geology, oceanography
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Very round and smooth describe what planet?
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Earth
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What is the true shape of the earth?
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oblate spheroid
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What part of the earth is bulging? flattened?
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bulging-equator
flattened- poles |
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You weigh________at the poles than the equator.
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more
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Altitude of polaris = your _________.
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latitude
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Polaris is also known as ________.
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north star
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Polaris is a special star b/c __________.
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it is in line with the earth axis of rotation
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Lithosphere
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is the solid land part of earth
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hydrosphere
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is the liquid water part of the earth
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Atmosphere
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gas portion of earth, broken down into 4 layers
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Latitude
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lines run horizontal across like the equator, read n and s
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Longitude
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lines run vertically, read east and west of prime meridian
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astrolab
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instrument used to measure the altitude of a star above the horizon
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Pointer stars
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in big dipper point to polaris
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Timezones
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seperated by 15° degrees of longitude based on Earth's rate of rotation
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Timezone: going west
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subtract hr
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Polaris is a special star b/c __________.
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it is in line with the earth axis of rotation
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Isoline
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line connecting points of equal value
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isobars, connecting points of equal _____.
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pressure
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Contour lines
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connecting points of equal elevation above sea lever
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Contour Interval
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amount between adjacent contour lines,ocean is sea level/0°
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Timezones
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seperated by 15° degrees of longitude based on Earth's rate of rotation
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Timezone: going west
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subtract hr
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Isoline
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line connecting points of equal value
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Isoline
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line connecting points of equal value
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isobars, connecting points of equal _____.
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pressure
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isobars, connecting points of equal _____.
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pressure
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isotherm, connecting points of equal _____.
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temperature
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isotherm, connecting points of equal _____.
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temperature
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Contour lines
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connecting points of equal elevation above sea lever
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Contour lines
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connecting points of equal elevation above sea lever
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Contour Interval
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amount between adjacent contour lines,ocean is sea level/0°
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Contour Interval
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amount between adjacent contour lines,ocean is sea level/0°
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Polaris is a special star b/c __________.
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it is in line with the earth axis of rotation
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Lithosphere
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is the solid land part of earth
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Polaris is a special star b/c __________.
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it is in line with the earth axis of rotation
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Polaris is a special star b/c __________.
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it is in line with the earth axis of rotation
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Lithosphere
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is the solid land part of earth
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hydrosphere
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is the liquid water part of the earth
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Lithosphere
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is the solid land part of earth
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hydrosphere
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is the liquid water part of the earth
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Atmosphere
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gas portion of earth, broken down into 4 layers
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hydrosphere
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is the liquid water part of the earth
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Atmosphere
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gas portion of earth, broken down into 4 layers
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Atmosphere
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gas portion of earth, broken down into 4 layers
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Latitude
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lines run horizontal across like the equator, read N and S
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Latitude
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lines run horizontal across like the equator, read N and S
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Longitude
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lines run vertically, read east and west of prime meridian
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Latitude
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lines run horizontal across like the equator, read N and S
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astrolab
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instrument used to measure the altitude of a star above the horizon
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Longitude
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lines run vertically, read east and west of prime meridian
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Pointer stars
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in big dipper point to polaris
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astrolab
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instrument used to measure the altitude of a star above the horizon
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Longitude
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lines run vertically, read east and west of prime meridian
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Timezones
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seperated by 15° degrees of longitude based on Earth's rate of rotation
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astrolab
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instrument used to measure the altitude of a star above the horizon
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Timezone: going west
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subtract hr
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Pointer stars
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in big dipper point to polaris
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Isoline
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line connecting points of equal value
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Timezones
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seperated by 15° degrees of longitude based on Earth's rate of rotation
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isobars, connecting points of equal _____.
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pressure
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Timezone: going west
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subtract hr
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isotherm, connecting points of equal _____.
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temperature
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Isoline
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line connecting points of equal value
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Contour lines
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connecting points of equal elevation above sea lever
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isobars, connecting points of equal _____.
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pressure
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Pointer stars
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in big dipper point to polaris
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Contour Interval
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amount between adjacent contour lines,ocean is sea level/0°
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Timezones
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seperated by 15° degrees of longitude based on Earth's rate of rotation
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isotherm, connecting points of equal _____.
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temperature
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Timezone: going west
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subtract hr
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Contour lines
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connecting points of equal elevation above sea lever
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Isoline
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line connecting points of equal value
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Contour Interval
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amount between adjacent contour lines,ocean is sea level/0°
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isobars, connecting points of equal _____.
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pressure
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isotherm, connecting points of equal _____.
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temperature
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Contour lines
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connecting points of equal elevation above sea lever
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Contour Interval
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amount between adjacent contour lines,ocean is sea level/0°
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Lines close together on a topographic map mean _______.
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steep gradient
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___% of earth's energy comes from the sun
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99%
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The ________ region gets the most direct insolation (high angle)
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equatorial region
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The ________ get the least insolation (low angle)
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poles
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What layer of the atomosphere contains all the water?
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troposphere
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What time of the day are temperatures highest? lowest?
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highest- afternoon
coldest- just before dawn |
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When air is colder molecules are_______, presure is _____, there is ______water vapor and the density is ___.
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closer; higher; little room for; higher
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When air is hotter molecules are_______, presure is _____, there is ______water vapor and the density is ___.
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farther, lower, room for, low
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Warm air always rises because it is _____.
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less dense
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Precipitation
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rain, sleet, hail, snow
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evaporation is greatest when it is _____________.
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hot, dry, and windy
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Condensation
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water vapor turns into liquid water releasing 540 calories of heat energy
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Sun (stars) give off _____________________ over a wide range of wavelengths.
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electromagnetic radiation
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What layer of the earth filters or blocks harmful rays such as UV?
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atmosphere
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Visible light
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the most intense form or radiation recieve by Earth
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conduction
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transfer of energy in solids through molecules vibrating and touching
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convection
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transfer of energy in liquids and gases due to differences in density
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radiation
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transfer of energy in waves -needs no medium (space) sun to earth or a light bulb
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Angle of insolation
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how high the sun is in the sky, as angle incr. temp. incr.
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Greenhouse gases
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CO2 and H2O
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What do the Greenhouse gases do?
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CO2 and H2O absorb infrared waves and send them back to earth, thus trapping heat
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What month and time of day does maximum temperture occur?
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late july and in early afternoon
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What has the highest specific heat?
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Water
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Specific heat
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time to heat up , time to cool down (longer time = higher specific heat)
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celestial objects
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(sun, moon, stars) rise in east and set in west due to earth's rotation
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Stars around polaris make __________.
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circles
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Does polaris move?
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no; stays still
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Altitude of polaris = your _________.
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latitude
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Zenith
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90° overhead
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rotation
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spinning on axis, causes day and night, 365 times a yr, rotation rate of 15°/hr
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revolution
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one body orbits around another body; earth revolution rate = 1°/day
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constellation
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grouping of stars which form a pattern
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On june 21st what is angle of sun's direct rays?
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23.5°N
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On December 21st what is angle of sun's direct rays?
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23.5°S
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On March 21st and Sept. 21 what is angle of sun's direct rays?
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0°
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Heliocentric model
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sun centered, corrrect model, planet revolve around sun in elliptical orbits
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Geocentric model
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earth centered, wrong model, planets and sun revolve around earth
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Proof of rotations
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foucault pendulum and coriolis effect
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Solar noon
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time when sun reaches highest point in sky
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increase rate of rotation would lead to increased __________.
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coriolis effect
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seasons are caused by.....?
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revolution, and tilt of earth on its axis
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summer
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north pole tilted to sun(24 hr day)
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winter
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north pole away from sun (24 hr night)
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in summer in NYS, the sun rises from the ______ and sets in the _____.
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NE;NW
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in winter in NYS, the sun rises from the ______ and sets in the _____.
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SE;SW
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equinox
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day and night equal (12hrs) direct rays on equator
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Altitude of noon sun is greatest on _______.
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June 21
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Altitude of noon sun is least on _________.
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December 21
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In NYS the sun is always ______ at noon time.
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south
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When the sun is high in the sky your shadow is ________.
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short
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Duration of insolation
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the length of daylight
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In the summer the duration of insolation is ________ then in the winter.
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higher
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What causes different constellations to be visible at different times of yr?
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revolution
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Is the sun ever overhead (90°) in NYS?
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no
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Would there be seasons if the earth WASN'T tilted?
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no
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If you increase earth's tilt then summers would be _____er and winters would be _______er
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warmer; cooler
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noon shadows always point ____ in NYS.
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north
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Uneven length of daylight during the year is caused by _______
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earth's tilt
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What stars in the big dipper help to find polaris?
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pointer stars
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What are moon phases caused by?
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revolution of moon around the earth
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How long is one revolution of the moon?
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27-29.5 days
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when moon is between earth and sun this is a ______.
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new moon
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When the moon is between sun and earth a ___________ may occur.
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solar eclipses; gets dark during middle of day
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Lunar eclipses
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S E M; occur during the full moon phase, earth's shadow on moon
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eclipses don't happen every month b/c __________.
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the moon's orbit is 5° with respect to Earth's orbit
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When an object is closer it looks __________.
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bigger (far=small)
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tides
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caused by moons gravitational pull on earth
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When earth moon sun are in line it is a _____ tide.
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spring
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When moon, earth + sun make 90° angle there is a _____ tide.
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neap (weak tides)
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There are ___ high tides and ___ low tides per day.
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2;2 (cyclic change)
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If a satellite is close to a star, orbital velocity is ____.
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greates
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satellite closest = _____ gravitational force
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high
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satellite closest = ___ kinetic energy
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high
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satellite closest = ____ potential energy
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low
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satellite closest = _____ apparent diameter
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large
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Planets sweep out equal area's in equal amounts of time is stated by
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kepler's law
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as distance from a star increases, rate of revolution _______ by inverse square
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decreases
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eccentricity
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measure of how flattened the orbit is
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what is the measure of the most eccentric? least?
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1, line; 0, circle
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satellites are kept in elliptical orbits by ______ and ______.
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inertia and gravity
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inner four planets are _____
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rocky
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outer four planets are
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gas giants
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Is pluto an inner or outer planet?
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none; just an iceball
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what is the hottest planet?
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venus
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what is the only planet with liquid water on the surface?
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earth
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asteroid
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big rock in space, most between mars and jupiter
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meteor
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shooting star, rock burning up in our atmosphere due to friction
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comet
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dirty snow ball highly elliptical orbit
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sun
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regular star, burns by converting hydrogen into helium
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nuclear fusion
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sun turns hydrogen to helium
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galaxy
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collection of billions of stars
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big bang
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universe expanding from initial explosion
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proof of big bang
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galaxies are moving away from us (further the faster)
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proof of galaxies moving away?
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red shift
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age of universe is
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10-15 billion
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age of solar system is
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4.6 billion
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light yr-
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distance light travels in a yr
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equilibrium
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a system in balance
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pollution
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anything harmful that effects a linving organism
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ozone layer
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protects us from harmful UV and other short wave radiation from the sun
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