Earth Science Introduction

Front 1

Asthenosphere

Back 1

is the highly viscous mechanically weak and ductilely deforming region of the upper mantle of the Earth

Front 2

Continental drift

Back 2

movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other thus appearing to drift across the ocean bed

Front 3

Crust

Back 3

the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite

Front 4

Faults

Back 4

planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock mass movement

Front 5

Inner core

Back 5

the final layer of the Earth It is a solid ball made of metal

Front 6

Iron

Back 6

a metal in the first transition series It is by mass the most common element on Earth forming much of Earth's outer and inner core

Front 7

Land formations

Back 7

a natural feature of the Earth's surface

Front 8

Layers

Back 8

The Earth is composed of four different layers as the Earth cooled the heavier denser materials sank to the center and the lighter materials rose to the top

Front 9

Lithosphere

Back 9

the solid outer section of Earth which includes Earth's crust as well as the underlying cool dense and rigid upper part of the upper mantle

Front 10

Mantle

Back 10

layer between the crust and the outer core it is a silicate and mostly solid but behaves like a viscous liquid

Front 11

Mesosphere

Back 11

region under the lithosphere and the asthenosphere but above the outer core

Front 12

Molten rock

Back 12

super heated rock to the point of melting and when below the surface of the Earth is known as magma but after it erupts from a volcano it is called lava

Front 13

Outer core

Back 13

a fluid layer and composed of iron and nickel that lies above Earth's solid inner core

Front 14

Pangaea

Back 14

a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic era

Front 15

Pressure

Back 15

the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed

Front 16

Seismograph

Back 16

an instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes such as force and duration

Front 17

Tectonic plates

Back 17

several large plates that make up Earth's crust that glide over the mantle

Front 18

Trenches

Back 18

depression in the ground that is generally deeper than it is wide

Front 19

Volcanoes

Back 19

a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object such as Earth that allows hot lava volcanic ash and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface