Earth Science Final Semester 1

Front 1

What is a hypothesis?

Back 1

A proposed explanation based on limited evidence.

Hint 1

Hypo....under

Front 2

What is the first step to the scientific method?

Back 2

Observation

Front 3

What is an independent variable?

Back 3

A variable is the one that is changed by the scientist.

Front 4

What is a dependent variable?

Back 4

It responds to the independent variable. It is called dependent because it "depends" on the independent variable.

Hint 4

Depends

Front 5

What are constants?

Back 5

X Something that stays the same

Front 6

What is control in an experiment?

Back 6

Scientific control is an experiment or observation designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the single independent variable.

Hint 6

Scientist controlled

Front 7

What is the difference between a theory and hypothesis?

Back 7

A theory is the result of testing a hypothesis and developing an explanation that is assumed to be true about something.

Hint 7

Hypo/guess. Theory/result

Front 8

Should a hypothesis be testable?

Back 8

Yes...only way to prove to others your theory.

Front 9

Graphs and charts if data can be used for what?

Back 9

Can help others understand your hypothesis.

Hint 9

Charts and graphs are helpers

Front 10

Which term describes the apparent shift of light wavelengths toward the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum when a luminous object is moving away from the earth?

Back 10

Redshift

Hint 10

RED

Front 11

What are the three pillars of evidence that support the big bang theory?

Back 11

1. Hubble law 2. The cosmic background radiation 3. The abundance of deuterium and helium.

Front 12

When we look further into the universe we are looking at stars of today or along time ago?

Back 12

Long ago

Hint 12

Look further...long ago

Front 13

Approximately how many galaxies does the universe contain?

Back 13

There are 225 billion galaxies in the observable universe.

Front 14

Most of the visible mass of the universe consists of what?

Back 14

Stars, clouds of hydrogen and dust.

Front 15

What is the big bang theory?

Back 15

Is one theory of how the universe began?

Front 16

The two most common elements in the universe are

Back 16

Hydrogen and hellium

Front 17

What property of a star is most important for determining the star's color?

Back 17

luminosity

Hint 17

Luminate

Front 18

What is a supernova?

Back 18

A star that suddenly increases greatly in brightness because of a catastrophic explosion that ejects most of its mass.

Front 19

What is the process by which new nuclei are generated by reactions within stars?

Back 19

Nucleosynthesis

Hint 19

Nuclei.....nucleo

Front 20

What property of a star is moist important for determining the star's life cycle?

Back 20

Luminosity

Front 21

What type of galaxy is the Milky Way?

Back 21

X the Milky Way is a barred spiral galaxy, rather than an ordinary spiral galaxy, in the 1990s.

Front 22

Stars live out the majority of their lives in a phase termed as what?

Back 22

X

Front 23

Approximately how many stars are in a typical galaxy?

Back 23

At least 100 billon.

Front 24

The COLOR of a star is dependent on what property?

Back 24

In the temperature

Front 25

What is the life cycle of the sun, list in order.

Back 25

X

Front 26

The sun falls within which part of the Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram?

Back 26

X luminosity 1 (absolute magnitude 4.8) and B−V color index 0.66 ... An HR diagram showing many well known stars in th

Front 27

Which values are plotted on the axes of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram?

Back 27

X

Front 28

What are the three main types of galaxies?

Back 28

X Elliptical, Spiral, and Irregular

Front 29

What process transform matter into energy within stars?

Back 29

Xnuclear fusion

Front 30

Explain how the planets of the solar system formed

Back 30

X various planets are thought to have formed from the solar nebula, the disc-shaped cloud of gas and dust left over from the Sun's formation. The currently accepted method by which the planets formed is accretion, in which the planets began as dust grains in orbit around the central protostar.

Front 31

Stars begin their life cycle in?

Back 31

Xnebula

Front 32

What remnants might we expect to see after a supernova?

Back 32

X

Front 33

What is the source of energy for the sun?

Back 33

X thermonuclear fusion reactions.

Front 34

The earth's core is made up of what two elements?

Back 34

X oxygen and allumium

Front 35

Describe ocean ridge

Back 35

X mid-ocean ridge or mid-oceanic ridge is an underwater mountain range, formed by plate tecton

Front 36

Describe magnetic patterns of the ocean floor

Back 36

X

Front 37

Seafloor spreading results in what?

Back 37

X

Front 38

What are the features found at divergent boundaries?

Back 38

X

Front 39

What are the three types of plate boundaries?

Back 39

X

Front 40

Describe transform boundaries

Back 40

X

Front 41

What is the relationship between the mantle and plate tectonics?

Back 41

X

Front 42

Convection currents transfer thermal energy, how?

Back 42

X

Front 43

What is asthenosphere?

Back 43

X

Front 44

Most volcanoes occur where?

Back 44

X

Front 45

What is the relationship with sunspots and Earth's climate?

Back 45

X

Front 46

How are tall mountains formed?

Back 46

X

Front 47

What is a progeny?

Back 47

X

Front 48

Define mechanical weathering

Back 48

X

Front 49

What effects the rate of weathering?

Back 49

X

Front 50

Be able to label latitude, longitude, equator and prime meridian

Back 50

X