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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pressure measurement
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millibars measured w/ barometer
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Low pressure
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air rising and converging-upward movement of warm air convection and forced air convergence-higher rainfall
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high pressure
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air descending and diverging-descent of cold air
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Factor affecting winds
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Pressure gradient force, coriolis effect, friction
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Pressure gradient force
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moves from high to low pressure, perpendicular to isobars on pressure maps-velocity proportional to press. gradient,
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Isobars
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lines connecting points that have the same pressure-high pressure indicated by closely spaced
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Coriolis effect
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deflection of materials moving freely over the earth's surface-right in N. hemi, left in the S. hemi-deflect is proport to wind speed and lat.
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Friction
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High near the surface and decreases w/ alt.-velocity of wind lowest near ground, wind blows parrallel aloft
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geostrophic winds
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high wind velocity alft results in strong coriolis deflect-winds blow parallel to isobars aloft
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Spatial patterns of surface winds
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cyclones and anticyclones-patterns are reversed aloft
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cyclonic flow
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flow around a low pressure center: ccw in N. Hemi-cw in S.Hemi
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Anticyclonic flow
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flow around a high pressure center-cw in N. hemi ccw in S. hemi
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Global circulation-non-rotating
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equatorial low pressure-thermal convection, polar high press-thermal subsidence-surface winds flow south
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Pressure belts-rotating earth no land
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equatorial low-thermal, subtropical high-dynamic, sub polar low-dynamic, polar high-thermal
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wind belts
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trade winds, westerlies, polar easterlies
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ITCZ
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Inter-tropical convergence zone-changes throughout the year
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doldrum
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zone of weak winds near ITCZ
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Horse latitude
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zone of weak winds around subtropical high
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Polar front
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interface of polar easterlies and westerlies
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Continents
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break winds into cells
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jet stream
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related to the tracking of fronts-tubes of high velocity winds
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Monsoonal climate
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6 months very wet 6 months very dry-due to wind shift through the year.
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Continental Polar front
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dry and cold air mass that forms over land
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Maritime tropical
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warm and humid air mass that forms over oceans
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Stationary front
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semi-stable difference in energy results in a kink spliting into warm and cold front
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Mid latitude cyclone
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low pressure center-cold front, warm front, occluded front
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cold front
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narrow, intense rain band-steep shapes-violent updrafts result in thunderstorm, downdraft-tornadoes
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warm front
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wide, gentle rain band-warm air ramps over cold air
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occluded front
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wide band of heavy rain-cold fronts fster than warm mix together
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NC front
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warm front hits first and MT so humid and hot then cold front-violent t storms
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tropical cyclones
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low pressure center devel. over warm oceans in tropics
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tropical depression
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sustained < 38mph
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tropical storm
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sustained 38-74mph
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hurricane
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sustained > 78mph pacific(typhoon), india(cyclone)
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