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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rock
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solid mass of mineral
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Igneous Rock
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rock formed when lava or magma cools
example: |
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Sedimentary Rock
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rock formed when big rocks are broken into smaller rocks
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Metamorphic Rock
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rock changed by heat, pressure or fluids
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Magma
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hot melted material under Earth's surface
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Rock Cycle
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the Earth's water, air, and land cause rocks to change
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Lava
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magma that reaches the surface
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Weathering
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when rocks are broken down by water, air and living things
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Sediments
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rocks on Earth's surface that are weathered
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Intrusive igneous rock
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rocks formed when magma hardens under the Earth's surface
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extrusive igneous rock
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rocks formed when lava hardens on the Earth's surface
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porphyritic texture
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Rocks with different size minerals and crystals
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granitic composition
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Rocks made mostly of light-colored minerals (look like crystals)
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basaltic composition
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Rocks made mostly of dark-colored minerals
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andesitic composition
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Rocks with granitic and basaltic composition (have both dark and light colored minerals and crystals)
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ultramafic
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Rocks made of all dark minerals
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Erosion
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weathering (water, wind, ice or gravity) carries away rock
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Deposition
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when erosion (by water, wind, ice, or gravity) loses energy, it drops the sediments (rock)
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Compaction
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process that squeezes sediments into sedimentary rock
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Clastic Sedimentary Rock
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rock made of weathered bits of rocks and minerals
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Chemical Sedimentary Rock
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rock made of minerals that separate when water boils or evaporates
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Cementation
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Process when disolved materials (like sand) are squeezed into tiny spaces between sediments, and act like cement
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Metamorphism
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means "to change form"
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Contact metamorphism
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when hot magma moves into rock
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Regional metamorphism
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when big rocks (like mountains) have high pressure and heat. it changes the kind of rock and deforms them into other shapes
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Hydrothermal solution
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when hot solutions (like water) escape from magma
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Foliated metamorphic rock
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when rocks have contact metamorphism (hot magma in rock) and crystals form in layers (example: slate)
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Nonfoliated metamorphic rock
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when rocks have contact metamorphism (hot magma in rock) and crystals form randomly (example: marble)
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