Earth Science

Front 1

Combined action of all processes that cause rock to disintegrate physically and decompose chemically

Back 1

Weathering

Front 2

Successive heating and cooling which causes the expansion and contraction of rocks

Back 2

Block disintegration

Front 3

Occurs when there is a chemical change in the rocks through formation of new compounds or substances

Back 3

Chemical weathering

Front 4

Process in which atmospheric oxygen reacts with the rock to produce oxides

Back 4

Oxidation

Front 5

Give one example of oxidation

Back 5

Rusting of iron in ferrous minerals

Front 6

Process by which various types of carbonates are formed

Back 6

Carbonation

Front 7

Process by which water is absorbed by the minerals of the rocks. Due to the absorption of water by the rock, its volume increases and the grains lose their shape.

Back 7

Hydration

Front 8

Caused by living organisms

Back 8

Biotic weathering

Front 9

Its roots penetrate into the joints of the rocks which then exert pressure on the rocks causing it to break into smaller fragments.

Back 9

Plants

Front 10

Like earthworms, rats, rabbits, termites, ants, etc. breakdown rocks.

Back 10

Burrowing animals

Front 11

Man breaks large amount of rocks in the course of his activities.

Back 11

Human beings

Front 12

Refers to the downslope movement of rock and soil under the influence of gravity and other factors.

Back 12

Mass wasting

Front 13

Occurs when a piece of rock or mass of rocks become dislodged and makes free-fall along steep cliff.

Back 13

Rock fall

Front 14

Similar to rock fall, except that it involves a mixture of regolith, vegetation, and rocks.

Back 14

Debris fall

Front 15

An accumulation of fallen materials at the base of the cliff

Back 15

Talus

Front 16

A layer of loose, uncompacted dirt, dust and rocks sitting on top of bedrock

Back 16

Regolith

Front 17

It is the portion of the regolith that is able to support plant life.

Back 17

Soil

Front 18

A sudden fast movement of cohesive mass of soil, rock, or regolith.

Back 18

Landslide

Front 19

Involves the movement of a mass of materials along a well-defined surface.

Back 19

Translational landslide

Front 20

Occurs when the descending materials move en-masse along a concave, upward curved surface.

Back 20

Rotational landslide

Front 21

Happens when rock materials are saturated with water and move downslope as a viscous fluid

Back 21

Flow

Front 22

Mixtures of rocks and/or regolith with 0-20% water

Back 22

Granular flow

Front 23

Mixtures of rocks and/or regolith with 20-40% water

Back 23

Slurry Flow

Front 24

It is the process of transporting weathered sediments by agents of erosion to different places

Back 24

Erosion

Front 25

A movement of particle, comes with landslide and flow

Back 25

Erosion

Front 26

It is the primary agent of erosion

Back 26

Water

Front 27

Raindrops cause tiny particles of soil to be detached and to move out

Back 27

Splash erosion

Front 28

Raindrops break apart the soil structure which moves down the slope as water flows overland as sheet

Back 28

Sheet erosion

Front 29

After heavy rains water flows into narrow channels, eroding gullies into great depth

Back 29

Gully erosion

Front 30

Continuous water flow alongside land and move downward, which deepens a valley

Back 30

Valley erosion

Front 31

Bontinuous flow of water wears out stones along bank of streams and rivers

Back 31

Bank erosion

Front 32

Waves from ocean and seas crash against the shore, pounding the rocks into pebbles and reducing the pebbles to sand

Back 32

Coastline erosion

Front 33

Battering of ocean waves erodes seaside cliffs, forming hales that create caves and/or holes

Back 33

Seaside cliff erosion

Front 34

A thick mass of ice which moves slowly

Back 34

Glacier

Front 35

Process wherein fractured bedrocks are incorporated into the ice. This occurs when the ice expands, loosens, and pulls out rock fragments, thus, becoming part of the glacier.

Back 35

Plucking

Front 36

Carries dust, sand, volcanic ash, etc. from one place to another

Back 36

Wind

Front 37

How the materials are transported

Back 37

Transportation

Front 38

Materials are mixed in water and carried along

Back 38

Solution

Front 39

The suspended particles are carried by a medium (air, water, ice)

Back 39

Suspension

Front 40

Particles move by rolling, sliding, and shuffling along eroded surface.

Back 40

Traction

Front 41

What are the factors that affect the transportation of materials ?

Back 41

Particle weight, size, shape, surface configuration and other environmental factors