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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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metamorphic rocks |
form through the alteration of pre-existing rocks at high pressures and temperatures but without melting them |
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metamorphism |
alterations from the parent rock to the resultant metamorphic rock parent rock can be igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic |
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controls on metamorphism |
composition of protolith presence of fluids temperature pressure |
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composition of protolith |
elements in the parent rock are the "raw ingredients" for minerals in the metamorphic rock |
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presence of fluids |
fluids help facilitate chemical interactions and move ions around |
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temperature |
certain reactions and changes only occur once a specific temperature is reached |
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pressure |
minerals precipitated under high pressure are smaller and denser than low-pressure minerals in the parent rock |
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equal pressure |
pressure can be applied equally on all surfaces - produces a new substance that is denser but displays the same texture as the original surface |
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differential stress |
pressure can be applied to rocks more strongly in one direction than others |
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foliation |
layered (planar) texture in metamorphic rocks formed by alignment of platy or needle-shaped minerals that crystallized within a rock subjected to differential stress (basis for classification for metamorphic rocks) |
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marble |
non-foliated coarse-grained rock composed of interlocking crystals of calcite metamorphosed limestone |
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quartzite |
non-foliated quartz grains welded together to produce a very strong rock commonly, metamorphosed quartz sandstone |
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slate |
foliated very fine grained rock that splits into thin, flat, parallel layers earthy, non-shiny surfaces relatively weak metamorphism |
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phyllite |
foliated fine-grained rock that has shiny surfaces due to microscopic mica formation |
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schist |
foliated coarse-grained rock with noticeably aligned platy and elongate minerals metamorphism strong enough that multiple protoliths can be altered to this rock variable in composition typically rich in micas (flat, platy minerals), all aligned |
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gneiss |
foliated coarse grained rock with distinct light and dark banding, resulting from separation of different minerals into layers variable protoliths and variable compositions most severe metamorphism among common rocks |
