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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Topography
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the shape of the land
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What are the 3 factors that make up topography
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elevation
relief landforms |
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What is elevation
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height greater than sealevel
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What is relief?
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The highest elevation minus the lowest elevation
(the difference between the highest and lowest elevation) |
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What are landforms
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things formed by the processes that shape the earth
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What are 3 kinds of landforms
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plains
mountains plateaus |
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What is a plain
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a nearly flat or gently rolling area with little relief
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What is an interior plain?
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A plain away from the coast
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What are mountains
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An area with high elevation and high relief
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What are mountain ranges?
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A group of mountains close in shape, structure and age
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What is a mountain system?
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A group of mountain ranges
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What is a mountain belt?
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A group of mountain ranges and systems
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What are plateaus?
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area with high elevation and level surface which may be cut by streams and rivers
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What is a landform region?
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An area where the topography is made of mostly one landform
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What is a map
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A flat model of Earth as seen from above
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What is a globe
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A sphere that represents the entire surface of the earth and correctly shows the relative size, shape and position of landforms
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What do maps and globes have in common
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Both maps and globes are drawn to scale and use symbols to represent topography
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How is scale indicated
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in a ratio of distance on a map to distance on earth
EX. 1 in = 1 mile |
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What are symbols?
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shapes and pictures that stand for features on Earth's surface on maps
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What kinds of symbols are on maps?
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physical landforms like mountains
man-made things like highways and airports |
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What is a map legend
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Where to look to find out what the symbols mean
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What is a compass rose?
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a symbol which relates directions on a map to directions on Earth N
W E S |
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What are the baselines for measuring distance on the Earth's surface
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the prime meridian and the equator
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What are degrees
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the units scientists use to measure distance around a circle
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How many degrees is a circle
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360
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How much is a degree?
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1/360 of the distance of the circle/sphrer
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What are minutes and seconds
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Smaller units of measure than a degree
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What is the equator?
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An imaginary line that circles the earth -- separates the earth into the North and South Hemisperes
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What is the prime meridian?
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an imaginary line that circles the earth from the North and South pole through Greenwich and spearages the earth into the East and West Hemisphere
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How many degrees are the N and S Hemisphere
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90
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How many degrees are the E and W hemisphere
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180
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How is the grid of the earth formed
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with lines of latitude and longitude
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What is latitude
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distance in degrees N or S of the equator
measured in degrees+ 11 kilometers |
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What is longitude
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distance in degrees E or W of the prime meridian
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What is a map projection
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lines that help to put the 3D Earth onto a flat map
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What is the disadvantage of a map projection
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it distorts the shapes of the land formations a little
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What are 3 kinds of map projections
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Mercator Projections
Equal Area Projections Conic Projections |
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What is a Mercator Projection
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All lines of latitude or longitude are portrayed as straight, parallel lines
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What parts of a Mercator Projection are distorted
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the landmasses near the equator are distorted only a little
more distorted near the poles lines of latitude don't come together |
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What are the advantages of an equal area projection?
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correctly show the reative size of landmasses
low distortion BUT landmasses at edge are distorted |
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How are longitude and latitude lines portrayed on a conic projection?
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lines of longitude seem straight
lines of latitude are curve |
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What is the advantage of a conic projection?
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There is little distortion if used for a limited part of the Earth's surface.
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How do computers help mapmakers
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They autormatically make maps that could take 100's of hours by hand
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What can computers do with the data that make up maps
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the can store, process and display data
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What is gititizing data
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The process to convert the location of mappoints to numbers stored as 1's and 3'sw
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Where is data collected from?
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Satellites and the Global Positioning Sysme
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How does a satellite collect information?
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Satellite images are turned into pixels and then printed
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What is a pixel
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small dots that show different parts of earth in different color or brightness
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What is a global positioning system
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a network satellite that finds the longitude, latitude and elevation of points in the Earth's surface
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What is a topogrpahic map
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A map that shows surface feature of an area
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HOw does a topographic map show surface features
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It uses symbols to show what the earth would look like if you were looking down at it
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What does a topographic map show
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Elevation relief and slope of an area
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What are contour lines
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lines that represent elevation, relief and slope
usually measured in feet in the US |
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What is a contour interval
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a change in elevation from contour line to contour line -- always the same for a particular map
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What is an index contour
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darker heavier lines, usually every 5 lines -- label elevation in round numbers
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What are the steps for reading a topographic map
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1. REad the scal
2. Read the symbols 3. Interpret the contour lines |
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How do you interpret contour lines?
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1. begin with the labeled index contour
2. count the number of contour lines up and down from the index contour 3. if the lines are closely space -- steep incline 4. if the lines are widely space -- gentle incline 5.a closed loop wit no other lines inside indicates a hilltop 6. a closed loop with dashes -- hollow or depression 7.v shaped contour lines pointing down -- ridge 8. v shaped contour lines pointing up -- valley |
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What are uses for topographic maps
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1.Engineers planing a highway
2. Deciding where to build store/housing 3.planninning hikes and bike trips |
