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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four spheres of the earth?
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Atmosphere, Geosphere, Biosphere, Hydrosphere
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How are atmosphere and geosphere connected?
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volcanic gases, oxidation
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How are the atmosphere and biosphere connected?
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exchange of gases, respiration and photosynthesis
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How are atmosphere and hydrosphere connected?
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evaporation
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How are the geosphere and biosphere connected?
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decomposition
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How are the geosphere and hydrosphere connected?
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erosion
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How are the biosphere and hydrosphere connected?
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transpiration
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What are the layers of the geosphere? (in to out)
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inner core, outer core, mantle, asthenosphere, crust
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Properties of the inner core?
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solid
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Properties of the outer core?
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liquid and magnetic
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Properties of the asthenosphere?
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plastic, plates float on top of it
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Properties of the crust?
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continental or oceanic
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What is a mineral?
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has chemical formula, inorganic, crystalline structure, naturally occurring
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What is a rock?
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a lot of minerals
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What are two major groups of minerals?
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Silicates and non-silicates
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Silicate has elements?
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Si, O
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Non- Silicate examples are?
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Carbonate, Sulfates, Halites
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8 most common elements in the crust?
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Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum, Iron, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium
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What is the rock cycle?
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Magma to Igneous to Sediment to Sedimentary Rock to Metamorphic and repeat
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What happens between magma and igneous?
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cooling and crystallization
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What happens between igneous and sediment?
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weathering, transport, depositon
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What happens between sediment and sedimentary rock?
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lithification
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What happens between sedimentary rock and metamorphic rock?
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metamorphism
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What happens between metamorphic rock and magma?
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melting
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Bowen's Reaction Series, high temperature to low temperature?
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olivene and quartz then feldspar
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What are the minerals in limestone?
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calcium carbonate
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What are the minerals in granite?
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quartz and feldspar
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What are the minerals in basalt?
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pyroxene and feldspar
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Slate rocks parent?
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shale
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Marble rocks parent?
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limestone
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Anthracite rocks parent?
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coal
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Mechanical Weathering?
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non-chemical change, increases surface area
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Chemical Weathering?
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chemical weathering
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5 soil formation factors?
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climate, biology, steepness of slope (erosion), time (age), parent material
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3 zones of a river system?
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production, transport, deposition
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Cut bank?
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area of erosion, fastest flow velocity
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Point bar?
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deposition
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Major influences on movement of ground water?
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porosity, permeability
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Porosity?
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percent pours between materials
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Permeability?
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ability to transmit fluids
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Zones of Infiltrated Water? (surface down)
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zone of soil moisture, unsaturated zone, water table, saturated zone (ground water)
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Darcy's Law explains?
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how well a fluid flows through's pours to another material
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How is heat produced inside the earth?
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tidal friction, radioactive core decay
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Tidal decay %?
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25%
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Radioactive core decay %?
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75%
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Three plate boundaries?
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Convergent, Divergent, Transform
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Convergent?
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when plates collide and one subducts
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Divergent?
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push away from each other and form a gap
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Transform?
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creates ridge
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What are evidence of plate tectonics?
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faults
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Why do earthquakes occur on fault lines?
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elastic energy released as the plates constantly move
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Different Seismic Waves?
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Body Waves (S and P), Surface Waves
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P Waves?
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push pull, travel through solid, liquid, and gas, fastest velocity, change volume, less amplitude than S waves
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S Waves?
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shake at 90 degrees to wave travel direction, travel through solid, change shape, slower than P waves
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Surface Waves?
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slowest, greatest amplitude
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Ways to age rocks?
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Relative Dating, Paleontology, Radiometric Dating
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Relative Dating?
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rocks in proper sequence, Law of Superposition = old on bottom young on top
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Paleontology?
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fossils
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Radiometric Dating?
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Alpha and Beta Decay, Electron Capture
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Hubble's Law?
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V=Hd
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Precambrian Eon?
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1st, origin of earth, formation of continents, supercontinents = Rodinia and Gondwana
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Paleozoic Era?
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2nd, Pangea, shelled organisms, age of invertibrates, fish and amphibians, first land plants
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Mesozoic Era?
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3rd, age of reptiles (dinosaurs), 1st bird and flowering plant, mass extinction
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Cenozoic Era?
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4th, age of mammals
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