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147 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The theory that states the universe began as a point and has been expanding ever since?
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The Big Bang theory
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The Autumnal equinox is?
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The Autumnal equinox is the a day that amount of time night and day will be of nearly the same length.
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A Binary Star is
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A Binary Star describes two stars that are bound together by gravity and orbit a common center of mass.
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A Black Hole is
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A Black Hole is a dense remant of a star that won't even let light out of it gravitational pull.
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A Chromosphere is
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A Chromosphere is the layer of the sun's atmosphere above the photosphere and below the corona.
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A circumpolar constellation is a
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A circumpolar constellation is a group of stars that form a pattern
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A constellation is a
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A circumpolar constellation is a group of stars that form a pattern.
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The corona of the sun is
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The corona of the sun is the top layer of the sun's atmosphere.
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What is the emission spectrum?
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The emission spectrum can be used to determine the composition of a material, since each will show a different color pattern.
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what is the equinox?
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The equinox is when the sun is directly over the equator thus the length of day and night is equal.
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What is a fault?
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A fault is a fracture in the Earth's crust that occurs when stress is applied.
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Global winds that occur between the poles and 60 degrees latitude are called?
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Polar Easterlies.
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The differance between lava and magma is
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Lava is what magma is called after it flows out onto the earth's crust.
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Most of our weather happens in the_____?
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Troposphere.
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Winds that occur between 30 degrees and 60 degrees nouth and south latititude are called?
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Prevailing Westerlies
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The temperature profile of the troposphere is most like?
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Mesosphere.
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The mercalli scale measures what?
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measures earth quakes based on damage done.
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The difference between a meteor and meteorite is?
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A meteor is in the earths atmosphere (a shooting starr)and a metorite has landed on the earth.
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The temperature increase in which layer is because of ozone?
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The Stratosphere
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Are cceanic plates heavier or lighter than continental plates?
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Heavier
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The photoshere of the sun is?
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The only visible and lowest layer of the Sun's atmosphere.
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The revolution of the earth is?
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The orbit of the earth around the sun. It takes one year.
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The Richter scale measures what using what?
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earthquakes based on the magnitude of waves.
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The rotation of the earth takes _____ and determines the length of our ____.
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24 hours, our days
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A seasonal constellation is a constellation that is seen ___
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only during specific seasons of the year.
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The solar cycle is?
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The solar cycle is an 11 year period of time where the number of sunspots cycle from maximum to minimum and back.
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Solar wind is what?
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particles or ions from the sun that cause many things: northern lights, comet tails to point away from the sun, etc.
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The specific heat of a material is?
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how much heat it takes to raise it 1 degree celcius.
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What is a Spinoff?
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an invention first made for NASA then used by the public.
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What is a prominance?
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Clouds of gases that rise and arches off the sun
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The season of winter in the Northern hemisphere is produced because
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Because the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun
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Our sun is
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Our sun is an average star in the Milky Way galaxy.
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The temperture to which air must be cooled at a constant pressure to reach saturation is called?
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Dew Point.
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An air mass's ability to resist rising is called?
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Stability
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The method of heat transfer that is when two things touch is called?
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Conduction
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Current ,short term variations in the atmosphere are referred to as?
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Weather
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Outermost layer of the earths' atmosphere is called?
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Exosphere
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Most weather occurs where?
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Troposphere.
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Which layer of the atmosphere contains concentrated ozone.
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isthestratosphere.
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A drought is a(n)?
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an extented period of well-below-normal rain fall.
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The Fujita scale measures
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the tornado damage and intensity
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The energy needed to raise a given volume of a substance one degree Celsius is called?
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specific heat
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Divergent boundaries are usually found?
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on the sea floor
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Wegner couldn't explain the how and why of his hypothesis of what?
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continental drift.
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When one plate slides under another plate it is called subduction and results in the formation of a
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deep-sea trench
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When water moves from the atmosphere to the earth's surface and back it is called?
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the water cycle
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The lifted condensation level is?
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The height at which condensation occurs can cause a flat bottom cloud.
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In general with height air preasure generally increases or deceases.
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increased height(elevation)air preasure deceases
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Air temperature in the troposhere generally increases or deceases as heighth is increases.
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temperture deceases as heighth is increases
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Which heats most slowly soil,air or water?
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Water heats most slowly.
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What causes the intense updrafts and downdrafts in severe thunderstorms?
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Unstable air caused by differences in the upper and lower part of a storm causes drafts.
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In what kind of boundary is crust neither destroyed or formed?
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A transform boundary (like the San Andreas Fault in California)
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The source of all energy on earth is?
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The Sun
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The forces per unit area acting on a object is called?
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Stress
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A Tsunami is?
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A Tsunami is waves generated by vertical motions of the sea floor.
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Conduction is the method of heat transfer when?
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Conduction is the method of heat transfer when earth heats the air by touching it.
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Heat in the lower atmosphere is circulated by what method?
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convetion
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The heat index takes into account what two things?
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relative humidity and temperature IT tells you how hot it actually feels.
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A sea breeze flows in what direction?
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A sea breeze flows from sea to land at night and reverses in the day time.
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Is the barometric pressure at the center of a hurricane is very high or low?
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Very Low We call the center the eye.
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Meteorologists study what?
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Meteorologists study weather.
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The Safir-Simpson scale categorize what?
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The Safir-Simpson scale categorize hurricanes.
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The moon is waxing when?
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When it appears to be increasing in size night after night.
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What is the unit of measure called that is average distance between the Sun and the Earth.
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a unit of measure called an Astronomical Unit (AU)
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On the Safir-Simpson scale is a category 2 storm extremely strong?
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No
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Convection currents in magma do what.
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Convection currents in magma are the forces that move the plates of the earth.
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The ring of fire is an area of high volcanic activity that is found where?
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at the borders of the Pacfic Plate
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The name of the fault that in the mid-west that causes earth quakes is?
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The New Madrid Fault
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The theory of plate tectonics states what?
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that the Earths crust is divided into plates which move
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The Ring of fire, an area of high volcanic activity, also has what other type of activity there?
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It also has alot of earthquake activity.
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The only Earthquake waves that can pass through the Earth's outer core is?
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P-waves
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The transverse wave is called?
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S-wave.
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Which earth quake wave acts like a water wave and carries the least amount of energy?
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Surface wave .
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Which gases are responible for ozone depletion?
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Chloroflurocarbons
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What 2 factors are used to determine the wind chill?
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Temperture and wind speed
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A mound of water driven by a hurricane is called a?
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a storm surge.
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Hurricanes get their energy from what?
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warm oceans waters that are over 80 degrees.
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If air is holding 20 grams of water and the max it could hold is 40 then what is the relative humidity?
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20 divided by 40 times 100= 50%
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Volcanoes and earthquakes tend to occur near each other and what else?
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happen on plate boundaries.
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Which boundaries do you expect the most violent earthquakes?
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Transform boundaries
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Tides on the Earth are caused by the gravitational pull of _____________?
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both the Sun and the moon.
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What causes the Aurora Borealis (Northern lights)?
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Charged particles coming from the sun.
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A period of minimum solar activity followed by maximum ,minimum, and max again make up the what?
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The solar cycle.
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The gas formed by adding a third oxygen atom to a oxygen molecule is?
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Ozone
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Energy that is stored in a substance is called?
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latent heat
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The transfer of energy through space by electromagnetic waves is called?
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radiation
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An air mass that formed over a continent near the equator would be?
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warm and humid
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Early mapmakers thought continents moved based on what?
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How the coastlines matched up.
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The stage of a thunderstorm when updrafts and downdrafts are the same strength is called?
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The mature stage
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The wind chill takes into affect what 2 things.
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the temperture and the wind speed
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A storm surge is higher in the eye of the hurricane because the air pressure is what?
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because the air pressure is lowest in the eye
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What is it called when water vapor turns back to a liquid?
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condensation
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As your altitude increases what happens to your air pressure?
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air pressure decreases. (top of mountain less air pressure
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As your altitude increases (going up the mountain) the amount of air molecules do what?
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air molecules decrease (This makes it harder to breathe.)
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When water vapor turn into a liquid heat energy is ?
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is given off
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In the northern hemisphere the Sun is more directly overhead in the sky during which season?
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the summer season
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The two gases the Earth's atmosphere contains more of air?
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nitrogen and oxygen
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What is a condensation nuclei?
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Condensation nuclei are particles of dust and salt which cloud droplets form around.
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Lines on a map connecting points of equal values are called?
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Isopleths
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Tornadoes are associated with what kind of storms?
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Severe thunderstorms called supercells
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What is the day of the year that has the longest day and shortest night called?
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the summer solstice
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How do stars produce energy?
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by nuclear fusion
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A fault where two plates slide past each other is called.
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a transform boundary Example: San Andreas fault
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Proof of magnetic field reversals have been found in what?
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in lava because mineral align with the magnetic field when the lava cools
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What would the map show if you plotted earth quakes and volcanoes?
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That they not only tend to be near each other but also the boundaries of tectonic plates.
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Why don't Global winds blow directly north and south?
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because of the Corriolis Effect
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What determines what stage a thunderstorm is at?
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the direction of wind
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The first stage of a thunderstorm is called?
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The cumulus stage and it has rapid upward movement of air in it.
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What force keeps stars from exploding?
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Gravity
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What is the process of droplets colliding to form larger droplets called?
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Coalescence
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A set of data from a weather station at particular time is called what?
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station model
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Convection currents can be found in what?
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the sun, the earth's magma ,and in the atmosphere
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Discribe a convection current?
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A convection current is when something warms up, rises, then cools, falls, heats up and rises again in a circular pattern.
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Why do polar and tropical regions maaintain fairly constant temperatures?
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because of motion of air and water reallocates heat
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What is the point on the earth directly above the focus of an earthquake called?
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epicenter
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What is the scale that uses the size of the Semismic (S wave) to rate a earthquake called?
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The Richter scale
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One factor in that helps determine the amount of energy the atmosphere absorbs is the level of what chemical?
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the level of carbon dioxide
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What is it called when a bright object moves toward you and causes the light waves to be pushed closer together?
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blue shifted
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Sunspots are cooler areas of the sun that appear darker.True or false
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True Sunspots are cooler areas of the sun that appear darker.
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What are violent eruptions of particles from the sun?
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Solar flares (solar flares increase solar winds.)
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How do E3 galaxies differ from E7?
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E3 galaxies are more circular and less oval(elongated.)
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Describe a SBa galaxy?
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A SBa galaxy has a bar in it and it and its arms are close together.
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When the Sun's light is blocked by the moon's shadow it is called a_______.
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a solar eclipse
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When the moon's light is blocked by the earth's shadow it is called a_______.
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a lunar eclipse
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High altitude clouds made of ice are called_______.
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cirrus
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All energy on the earth comes from ______.
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the sun
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What can be caused by unequal heating of the earth's surface.
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thunderstorms
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Tornadoes can be caused by what?
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severe thunderstorns call supercells
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What is an Anemometer?
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measures wind speed
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What is a barometer?
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air pressure
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What is a ceilometer?
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A ceilometer measures the height of clouds and percetage of sky covered by clouds.
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What is a hygrometer?
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measures the relative humidity
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What is a thermometer?
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measues temperature
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What are tornadoes often associated with?
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severe thunderstorms called supercells
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Where is the earth located?
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in the disk of the Milky Way
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What is a jet stream?
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winds traveling at high speeds encircling the earth
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Wind is the movement of air from _____ pressure to _______ air.
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from high pressure air to low pressure air
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What is it when a cold dense air mass displaces a warm air mass.
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a cold front
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Advancing warm air that displaces cold air is called ________
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a warm front
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A system of unstable air and rain or snow is a _________.
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Low pressure system
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A system with dry air and clear skies ia a __________.
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high pressure system
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Narrow area between to different air mass is _______.
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a front
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A stationary front is a ____
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when 2 air masses meet and neither advances
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When moist air approaches a mountain they often drop rain as they rise over it and come down the other side____
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cooler and drier
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In January a low pressure system moves in. What will the weather be like?
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Cloudy with snow
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Where do you find mid-ocean ridges?
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at divergent boundary where the sea floor is spreding
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