Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Origin of Earth |
4.6 Billion years ago |
|
|
Oldest rocks |
4.28 billion years ago |
|
|
Heavy Bombardment |
4.6 to 3.8 billion years ago |
|
|
First evidence of life |
3.8 billion years ago |
|
|
First fossils (Prokaryotes) |
3.5 billion years ago |
|
|
Banded Iron Formation (Oxygen in the ocean) |
2.5 to 2.0 billion years ago |
|
|
Red Beds (oxygen in the atmosphere) |
1.8 billion years ago |
|
|
Cells with nuclei (Eukaryotes) |
2 billion years ago |
|
|
Respiration |
2 billion years ago |
|
|
Sex and Death |
2 billion years ago |
|
|
Multi-celled organisms |
1 billion years ago |
|
|
Edicara fauna |
630 to 540 million years ago |
|
|
First hard-bodied animals |
540 million years ago |
|
|
Snowball Earth |
900 to 700 million years ago |
|
|
First evidence of light carbon 12 |
3.8 billion years ago |
|
|
First evidence of photosynthesis |
3.8 billion years ago |
|
|
First fish |
500 million years ago |
|
|
Plants leave water (insects follow) |
450 million years ago |
|
|
evolution of jaws |
400 million years ago |
|
|
fish leave the water |
350 million years ago |
|
|
first amphibians |
325 million years ago |
|
|
first reptiles |
300 million years ago |
|
|
first mammal-like reptiles |
275 million years ago |
|
|
major ice age (Late Paleozoic) |
300 to 275 million years ago |
|
|
first mammals |
200 million years ago |
|
|
first dinosaurs |
200 million years ago |
|
|
dinosaurs flourish |
200 million to 65 million years ago (135 million years) |
|
|
extinction of dinosaurs |
65 million years ago |
|
|
radiation of mammals |
66 million years ago |
|
|
tree dwellers |
55 million years ago |
|
|
first monkeys |
35 million years ago |
|
|
first forest apes |
30 million years ago |
|
|
split in apes into 1) forest apes and 2) australopithecus |
9 million years ago |
|
|
most recent ice age |
1.8 million years ago (Tertiary era Pliocene period) |
|
|
first birds |
150 million years |
|
|
bird dinosaurs survive but not dinosaurs |
65 million years ago |
|
|
example of first multi cell organism on fossil record |
Edicara
|
|
|
example of first hard bodied animals |
arthropods, mollusks |
|
|
example of first primitive fish |
Pikaia |
|
|
where was the first primitive fish found |
in the Burgess Shale |
|
|
example of transition between primitive fish and amphibian |
Sarcopterygians |
|
|
first amphibian (tetrapod with four legs) example |
Icthyostega |
|
|
first reptile |
Seymouria |
|
|
first mammal-like reptile |
Dimetrodon |
|
|
first dog-like reptile |
Cynognathus |
|
|
first mammal |
morganucodon (4 cm) |
|
|
fiercest carnivore and period |
T-Rex Late Cretaceous |
|
|
herbivore |
Allosaurus |
|
|
tree dweller |
prosimian |
|
|
ape |
gorilla, orangutan, chimp, gibbon |
|
|
Drake Formula |
N = R* times Fp times Ne times Fl times Fi times Fc times L |
|
|
R* |
rate of star formation in our Galaxy 10-20 stars star formation decreasing historically |
|
|
Fp |
fraction of those stars on average with planets revolving around them |
|
|
Ne |
average number of those planets which are capable of supporting life on |
|
|
Fl |
the number of those planets on which life actually occurs |
|
|
Fi |
the number of those planets on which intelligent life occurs usually taken as 1 |
|
|
Fc |
the fraction of those planets which reach communicative levels |
|
|
L |
the lifetime of a technological civilization |
|
|
the only parameter we know with confidence |
R* |
|
|
the most important parameter |
L |
